A new proposed scheme towards seamless detection of cutoff lows and preexisting troughs

Date:
October 11, 2021
Source:
Niigata University
Summary:
A new automated numerical scheme is proposed for upper tropospheric
cyclones (cutoff lows) and their earlier development stage as
troughs (preexisting troughs). The proposed scheme has the capacity
of early stage detection and can extract locations with transitions
that are as smooth as possible and estimate their intensities,
sizes, and even the local background flows behind them in a
consistent and integrated manner using non-preprocessed (snapshot)
basic weather data consisting of geopotential height fields.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== Cutoff lows are cold-core cyclones existing in the upper troposphere
developing from precursory preexisting troughs that is ultimately cutoff
from the connections with the polar source region, as shown in Image 1. It
is typically identified as local minima of geopotential height fields
in the 500-200-hPa range. Most cutoff lows have synoptic spatial and
temporal scales on the order of hundreds of kilometers and several days.


========================================================================== Cutoff lows are frequently associated with mesoscale disturbances causing adverse weather-related events, such as intense torrential rainfall
leading to flash floods, landslides, tornadoes, and thunderstorms with
hail. Realizing this, it is essential to understand the cutoff lows in
detail and their potential relationships with mesoscale disturbances.

Several past studies have conducted study on cutoff low and
proposed schemes using 1) variables based on geopotential height or relative/potential vorticity (PV), and 2) local extremum point or a
closed contour around the extremum point.

Dr. Meiji Honda and his co-workers from Faculty of Science,
Niigata University and other institutions have proposed an extremum point-searching scheme that can seamlessly detect the location of cutoff
lows (with their intensity, size and background height gradient) and preexisting troughs in a consistent and integrated manner. The proposed
scheme is applied to the 200-hPa geopotential height field at 1200 UTC
13 April 2015, when a cutoff low is over the Yellow Sea. Dr. Honda and
his co-workers have described the basic concept of the proposed scheme
using a longitudinal one-dimensional (1D) geopotential height profile
and is expanded for two-dimensional (2D) height fields. The 2D average
slope function AS is produced to extract S0, r0, and the location
of depression bottoms by searching local maxima of AS+, as shown in
horizontal distribution map, i.e., Image 2. The distribution maps for the detected cutoff lows and preexisting troughs are clearly illustrated along
with their intensities, sizes, and local background flows estimated from snapshot height fields. The intensity and scale derived from the proposed scheme will allow for a better understanding of the cutoff low life cycle.

Dr. Honda summarizes the study as: "Upper tropospheric cyclones
(cutoff lows) are frequently associated with hazardous phenomena,
such as tornadoes. We propose a new index of cutoff lows (COL index)
based on an automated numerical scheme, which extracts their locations, intensities, sizes from snapshot upper tropospheric weather map data."
The contribution from Dr. Honda and his co-workers in the form of
new proposed automated scheme has ability to seamlessly detect the
cutoff low and its preexisting trough as an identical depression even by removing a local background height slope from a geopotential height field (quantifies the geometric features of a depression from its horizontal
height profile). In addition to this, the proposed scheme also has the capability of early stage detection, a snapshot view, the requirement of a single input (geopotential height), and cyclone and anticyclone detection.

The proposed scheme is compared in detailed (highlighting both
similarities and differences) with some of the most sophisticated tracking schemes (like Melbourne scheme, TRACK, and NEAT) and based on the overall output, it is found to be compatible and sufficient for detecting and classifying cutoff lows.

Hence, this study can be considered as a good contributor for providing
an effective new type of numerical scheme in the sector of meteorology,
which can provide reliable output using limited raw data.

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Niigata_University. Note: Content
may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Satoru Kasuga, Meiji Honda, Jinro Ukita, Shozo Yamane, Hiroaki
Kawase,
Akira Yamazaki. Seamless Detection of Cutoff Lows and Preexisting
Troughs. Monthly Weather Review, 2021; DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-20-0255.1 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/10/211011091311.htm

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