destroying cells
Findings may improve understanding of chronic inflammatory, bone-related diseases that develop alongside obesity, such as gum disease, arthritis and osteoporosis

Date:
November 12, 2021
Source:
University at Buffalo
Summary:
Chronic inflammation caused by obesity may trigger the development
of cells that break down bone tissue, including the bone that holds
teeth in place, according to new research that sought to improve
understanding of the connection between obesity and gum disease. The
study, completed in an animal model and published in October in
the Journal of Dental Research, found that excessive inflammation
resulting from obesity raises the number of myeloid-derived
suppressor cells (MDSC), a group of immune cells that increase
during illness to regulate immune function. MDSCs, which originate
in the bone marrow, develop into a range of different cell types,
including osteoclasts (a cell that breaks down bone tissue).



FULL STORY ========================================================================== Chronic inflammation caused by obesity may trigger the development of
cells that break down bone tissue, including the bone that holds teeth
in place, according to new University at Buffalo research that sought to improve understanding of the connection between obesity and gum disease.


==========================================================================
The study, completed in an animal model and published in October in the
Journal of Dental Research, found that excessive inflammation resulting
from obesity raises the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC),
a group of immune cells that increase during illness to regulate immune function. MDSCs, which originate in the bone marrow, develop into a range
of different cell types, including osteoclasts (a cell that breaks down
bone tissue).

Bone loss is a major symptom of gum disease and may ultimately lead
to tooth loss. Also known as periodontal disease, gum disease affects
more than 47% of adults 30 years and older, according to the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention.

"Although there is a clear relationship between the degree of obesity
and periodontal disease, the mechanisms that underpin the links between
these conditions were not completely understood," says Keith Kirkwood,
DDS, PhD, professor of oral biology in the UB School of Dental Medicine.

"This research promotes the concept that MDSC expansion during obesity to become osteoclasts during periodontitis is tied to increased alveolar
bone destruction. Taken together, this data supports the view that
obesity raises the risk of periodontal bone loss," says Kyuhwan Kwack,
PhD, postdoctoral associate in the UB Department of Oral Biology.

The study examined two groups of mice fed vastly different diets over
the course of 16 weeks: one group a low-fat diet that derived 10% of
energy from fat, the other group a high-fat diet that drew 45% of energy
from fat.

The investigation found that the high-fat diet group experienced obesity,
more inflammation and a greater increase of MDSCs in the bone marrow
and spleen compared to the low-fat diet group. The high-fat diet group
also developed a significantly larger number of osteoclasts and lost
more alveolar bone (the bone that holds teeth in place).

Also, the expression of 27 genes tied to osteoclast formation were significantly elevated in the group fed a high-fat diet.

The findings may shed more light on the mechanisms behind other chronic inflammatory, bone-related diseases that develop concurrently with
obesity, such as arthritis and osteoporosis, says Kirkwood.

Additional investigators include Lixia Zhang, PhD, research scientist
in the UB Department of Oral Biology; Jiho Sohn, doctoral candidate in
the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at UB; Victoria
Maglaras, student in the UB School of Dental Medicine; and Ramkumar Thiyagarajan, research scientist in the Jacobs School.

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by University_at_Buffalo. Original
written by Marcene Robinson. Note: Content may be edited for style
and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. K.H. Kwack, L. Zhang, J. Sohn, V. Maglaras, R. Thiyagarajan, K.L.

Kirkwood. Novel Preosteoclast Populations in Obesity-Associated
Periodontal Disease. Journal of Dental Research, 2021;
002203452110407 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211040729 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/11/211112083106.htm

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