Tomato concentrate could help reduce chronic intestinal inflammation associated with HIV

Date:
January 12, 2022
Source:
University of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences
Summary:
New research in mice suggests that adding a certain type of tomato
concentrate to the diet can reduce the intestinal inflammation that
is associated with HIV. Left untreated, intestinal inflammation
can accelerate arterial disease, which in turn can lead to heart
attack and stroke.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
New UCLA-led research in mice suggests that adding a certain type of
tomato concentrate to the diet can reduce the intestinal inflammation
that is associated with HIV. Left untreated, intestinal inflammation
can accelerate arterial disease, which in turn can lead to heart attack
and stroke.


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The findings provide clues to how the altered intestinal tract affects
disease- causing inflammation in people with chronic HIV infection,
suggesting that targeting the inflamed intestinal wall may be a novel way
to prevent the systemic inflammation that persists even when antiviral
therapy is effective in controlling a person's HIV.

The study is published in the peer-reviewed journal PLOS Pathogens.

"Inflammation is an important process that protects the body from
invading infections and toxins," said Dr. Theodoros Kelesidis, the paper's senior author and an associate professor of medicine in the division of infectious diseases at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. "But
in individuals who are successfully treated for HIV to the point that
their viral load is no longer detectable, the continuing low-grade
inflammation in the cells of the intestine contributes to an increased
risk of heart attack or stroke." People with HIV have been found to have
a condition called "leaky gut," in which products in the gut bacteria,
such as lipopolysaccharides, move to other parts of the body through
the bloodstream. Those products promote systemic inflammation and can accelerate coronary disease, Kelesidis said.

The researchers worked with mice that had been infected with HIV and
whose immune systems had been altered to mimic those of humans. The mice
were fed a diet containing the tomato concentrate Tg6F, while the rest
were fed a normal diet for mice -- low in fat, cholesterol and calories.



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Tg6F comes from a specific type of genetically modified tomato; it
contains anti-inflammatory and antioxidant peptides called apoA-I mimetic peptides, which imitate the main protein in HDL, the so-called "good cholesterol." The researchers examined proteins called cytokines and chemokines that are known to predict intestinal and blood inflammation,
which can augur adverse outcomes for people with chronic HIV infection.

They found that mice that were given Tg6F had lower levels of
pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in their gut and blood than
the mice that received the standard diet. In addition, they discovered
that Tg6F prevented an increase in levels of a protein called ADAM17,
which orchestrates inflammatory responses in people with chronic HIV
infection. The investigators confirmed the anti- inflammatory effects
of apoA-I mimetics in gut biopsies from people with HIV.

"Targeting the inflamed intestine with the peptide that mimics the
main protein in HDL may be a way of preventing systemic inflammation in
people with chronic HIV," Kelesidis said. "Giving oral apoA-I mimetics
together with oral antivirals may be an attractive novel therapy to
treat inflammation and prevent disease and death in HIV." The authors
note in the paper that mice cannot fully recreate all aspects of humans'
HIV infection. Also, the gut biopsies used to test the effects of apoA-
I mimetics do not fully reflect how inflammation works within a living
human body.

The study's co-authors include Maria Daskou, Dr. William Mu, Scott
Kitchen, Dr.

Alan Fogelman and Srinivasa Reddy, all of UCLA. A full list of authors
is published in the journal.

The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health, the UCLA Center
for AIDS Research, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine,
the California HIV/AIDS Research Program and the Campbell Foundation.

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Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Maria Daskou, William Mu, Madhav Sharma, Hariclea Vasilopoulos,
Rachel
Heymans, Eleni Ritou, Valerie Rezek, Philip Hamid, Athanasios
Kossyvakis, Shubhendu Sen Roy, Victor Grijalva, Arnab Chattopadhyay,
Scott G.

Kitchen, Alan M. Fogelman, Srinivasa T. Reddy, Theodoros
Kelesidis. ApoA- I mimetics reduce systemic and gut inflammation
in chronic treated HIV.

PLOS Pathogens, 2022; 18 (1): e1010160 DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010160 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/01/220112093902.htm
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