Study finds high levels of depression, anxiety among disabled people
during COVID-19 pandemic

Date:
February 3, 2022
Source:
Oregon State University
Summary:
A new study confirms what many in the disabled community already
know: People with disabilities have been experiencing high levels
of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
A new study from Oregon State University confirms what many in the
disabled community already know: People with disabilities have been experiencing high levels of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.


========================================================================== Social isolation was the main predictor for both depression and anxiety,
said Kathleen Bogart, co-author on the study and an associate professor
of psychology at OSU.

"We know that people with disabilities were more socially isolated before
the pandemic, so for a variety of reasons, the pandemic has amplified
that disparity," she said.

People with disabilities are often immunocompromised or have comorbidities
that would cause more severe infection from COVID-19, requiring more
strict isolation at home to avoid exposure to the virus.

The study, published in Rehabilitation Psychology, examined survey
responses from 441 adults between October and December 2020 who
self-identified as having a disability. In total, 61% of participants
met the criteria for probable major depressive disorder and 50% for
probable generalized anxiety disorder.

That's much higher than the pre-pandemic baseline among people with
and without disabilities, Bogart said. Previous research in the field
has found that about 22% of people with disabilities are diagnosed with depression during their lifetime. According to the Anxiety & Depression Association of America, in an average year, roughly 7% of all U.S. adults
have major depressive disorder and 3% have generalized anxiety disorder.



========================================================================== Stigma was also a major predictor for depression and anxiety, particularly
from conversations and policies around medical rationing where disabled
people were essentially deemed a low priority for life-saving COVID
resources. This translated into greater fear of catching the virus and
needing medical care that might not be available, and therefore more
social isolation, Bogart said.

"Especially early on in the beginning of the pandemic, there were explicit policies in place that disabled people would not be given priority to
receive a ventilator or to receive even COVID tests when those were
scarce," she said.

Medical practitioners were directed to focus resources on patients who
were likely to have a "good quality of life" after COVID, but the health
care system frequently underestimates the quality of life among disabled people, whether it be someone who uses a wheelchair or someone who has
an intellectual disability, she said.

"Some of those policies thankfully got removed, though I think some
are still in place," Bogart said. "But even when those policies don't
exist, there are a lot of other more implicit ways that health care
was difficult to access." For example, at different points during the pandemic, hospitals and health care centers have delayed or canceled
all "non-essential" health care to limit transmission of COVID within
their facilities. This means that disabled people cannot access their
regularly scheduled health care, including physical therapy or surgery,
which can exacerbate their conditions.

Despite the surge in mental health issues, Bogart sees some hope in the
study's findings: Social isolation and access to health care are points
that can be addressed fairly easily, such as by connecting via Zoom and capitalizing on telehealth visits when possible. Several large disability organizations have been organizing virtual community events as well,
which may be more accessible to some people than in-person events,
depending on their disability.

"We know that social support is really beneficial; what's interesting is perceived isolation or perceived social support is much more important
than the actual concrete number of friends in your social network,"
she said. "It's all about whether someone perceives their support to
be adequate." Home visits and in-home assistance are also crucial for
making health care accessible and safe for people with disabilities when
the practitioner needs to physically treat or examine them, Bogart said.

And within telehealth, Bogart said health care systems can improve accessibility by providing automatic captioning for people who are deaf
or hard of hearing, providing sign language interpreters and making
platforms that blind patients can navigate, as well.

special promotion Explore the latest scientific research on sleep and
dreams in this free online course from New Scientist -- Sign_up_now_>>> ========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Oregon_State_University. Note:
Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Katie Wang, Robert B. Manning, Kathleen R. Bogart, Jonathan
M. Adler,
Michelle R. Nario-Redmond, Joan M. Ostrove, Sarah
R. Lowe. Predicting depression and anxiety among adults with
disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rehabilitation
Psychology, 2022; DOI: 10.1037/rep0000434 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220203161117.htm

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