• Getting oxygenated blood to exercising m

    From ScienceDaily@1:317/3 to All on Wed Aug 11 21:30:42 2021
    Getting oxygenated blood to exercising muscles

    Date:
    August 11, 2021
    Source:
    ETH Zurich
    Summary:
    Researchers have discovered a certain type of blood vessel cell in
    muscles that multiplies rapidly upon exercise, thereby forming new
    blood vessels. Researchers can use this to find novel therapies
    for vascular disorders of the muscle.



    FULL STORY ========================================================================== Researchers have discovered a certain type of blood vessel cell in muscles
    that multiplies rapidly upon exercise, thereby forming new blood vessels.

    Researchers can use this to find novel therapies for vascular disorders
    of the muscle.


    ==========================================================================
    "In industrialised countries, the leading cause of surgeons having to
    amputate a foot or leg is impaired vascular supply to the muscles of
    diabetic patients," Katrien De Bock says. As Professor for Exercise
    and Health at ETH Zurich, she and her team study how to treat vascular disorders of the muscles and how new blood vessels form. It's common
    knowledge that exercise and sport stimulate the formation of blood
    vessels. By contrast, very little is known about the underlying molecular
    and cellular mechanisms. "Once we understand these mechanisms, we can
    work towards systematically improving the blood supply of patients'
    muscles," De Bock says.

    In mice and using cultured human cells, De Bock and her colleagues have
    now investigated how exercise promotes the formation of thin blood
    capillaries in the muscle in healthy subjects. Turning the spotlight
    onto the cells of the vascular wall (known as endothelial cells),
    they discovered that there are two capillary endothelial cell types,
    which can be distinguished by the molecular marker ATF4. It turns out
    that cells with very little ATF4 are mainly found in the capillaries
    supplying the white muscle fibres, while cells with high levels of ATF4 primarily form part of the blood vessels close to red muscle fibres.

    Ready to go Moreover, the scientists demonstrated that exercise
    predominantly stimulates cell division of endothelial cells with high
    levels of ATF4 (those near red muscle fibres), leading to the formation of
    new capillaries. By contrast, exercise does not elicit a direct response
    in cells with very little ATF4.

    "Endothelial cells with high levels of ATF4 are on 'metabolic standby
    mode', always ready to start forming new vessels," De Bock says. ATF4
    is a regulatory protein inside the cell. Cells with this protein are
    primed to quickly respond to the appropriate stimulus. As soon as a
    person -- or, in this case, a mouse - - starts exercising, these cells
    increase their amino acid intake and accelerate the formation of DNA and proteins, encouraging rapid cell proliferation. This ultimately leads
    to the formation of new blood vessels.

    Why these 'ready to go' endothelial cells are mainly found near red
    muscle fibres is not yet known. The researchers intend to unravel this
    mystery next.

    In addition, the scientists hope to use these findings to develop
    therapies that stimulate the growth of muscular blood vessels in patients suffering from diabetes or arterial occlusions and in organ transplant recipients.

    ========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by ETH_Zurich. Original written by
    Fabio Bergamin. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


    ========================================================================== Journal Reference:
    1. Zheng Fan, Guillermo Turiel, Raphaela Ardicoglu, Moheb Ghobrial, Evi
    Masschelein, Tea Kocijan, Jing Zhang, Ge Tan, Gillian Fitzgerald,
    Tatiane Gorski, Abdiel Alvarado-Diaz, Paola Gilardoni, Christopher
    M. Adams, Bart Ghesquie`re, Katrien De Bock. Exercise-induced
    angiogenesis is dependent on metabolically primed ATF3/4 endothelial
    cells. Cell Metabolism, 2021; DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.015 ==========================================================================

    Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/08/210811131549.htm

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