Report shows adult brain tumor incidence rates are decreasing but 5-year survival rates remain low
Data show a slight increase in brain tumors among children and
adolescents

Date:
August 24, 2021
Source:
American Cancer Society
Summary:
A new study found that incidence rates for malignant brain and
other central nervous system (CNS) tumors declined by 0.8% annually
during 2008 through 2017 in the United States for all ages combined.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
A new study found that incidence rates for malignant brain and other
central nervous system (CNS) tumors declined by 0.8% annually during
2008 through 2017 in the United States for all ages combined. The
decline was driven by trends in adults, whereas rates have slightly
increased by 0.5% to 0.7% annually among children and adolescents over
the same time period. The report, appearing in CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians,assessed contemporary patterns in brain tumor occurrence in
the context of incidence, mortality, and survival trends in the U.S.


==========================================================================
This collaborative study with Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United
States researchers, led by Kimberly D. Miller, MPH, American Cancer
Society, also found that although malignant brain and other CNS tumors
are rare in the U.S., they account for a substantial burden of cancer
mortality because of their high fatality rate. In 2021, an estimated
83,570 individuals will be diagnosed with brain and other CNS tumors
in the U.S. (24,530 malignant tumors and 59,040 nonmalignant tumors),
and 18,000 people will die from the disease.

While incidence rates for malignant tumors are declining overall, survival remains low -- only 36% of patients survive more than 5 years after
diagnosis, up from 26% for patients diagnosed in the mid-1970s. The slow progress largely reflects a lack of advancement in the early detection
and treatment of glioblastoma, for which 5-year survival only increased
from 4% to 7% during this time period. Glioblastoma accounts for 49%
of all malignant brain cancers in the U.S.

Incidence rates for nonmalignant tumors, which disproportionately affect
women and Black people, are slowly increasing, likely due to improvements
in case finding and increased awareness. For example, incidence rates
for meningioma, which accounts for 54% of all nonmalignant cases in the
U.S., increased by 0.9% annually among adults from 2008 to 2017. Though
5-year relative survival for all nonmalignant tumors remains high (92%), patients often experience debilitating long-term effects from their
tumor and/or its treatment.

The report also found persisting disparities among children. For example, mortality rates are the same in White and Black children despite lower incidence in Black children, reflecting lower 5-year survival (70%
versus 79%, respectively). The largest Black-White disparities for
children diagnosed during 2009 to 2015 were for diffuse astrocytomas
(75% versus 86%, respectively) and embryonal tumors (59% versus 67%).

"Although the molecular understanding of how brain cancers differ from
each other is advancing rapidly, we continue to know little about
why these tumors develop in the first place. To facilitate greater understanding, it critical to have access to timely, comprehensive
data on occurrence," said Miller. "This is particularly important to
understand the causes of sex, age, and racial/ethnic differences,
especially for rarer subtypes and among understudied populations."
The report also noted differences in incidence by sex:
* Malignant brain tumor incidence rates were higher in males (8.3
cases per
100,000) compared to females (6.0).

* Conversely, incidence rates for nonmalignant tumors were higher in
females (20.3) compared to males (12.8).

* For malignant tumors, sex differences were largest among ages 45
years or
older, among whom rates in females were 30% lower than those
in males.

* For nonmalignant tumors, sex differences peaked in ages 25-29 years,
among whom rates in females were >2-fold those in males (10.2 versus
4.7 per 100,000), a pattern driven by high pituitary adenoma rates
in females in this age group.

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by American_Cancer_Society. Note:
Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Miller KD, Ostrom QT, Kruchko C, Patil N, Tihan T, Cioffi G,
Fuchs HE,
Waite K, Jemal A, Siegel RL, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Brain and Other
Central Nervous System Tumor Statistics, 2021. A Cancer Journal
for Clinicians, 2021 DOI: 10.3322.caac.21693 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/08/210824104111.htm

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