The warming climate is causing animals to 'shapeshift'

Date:
September 7, 2021
Source:
Cell Press
Summary:
Climate change is not only a human problem; animals have to adapt
to it as well. Some 'warm-blooded' animals are shapeshifting and
getting larger beaks, legs, and ears to better regulate their body
temperatures as the planet gets hotter.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== [Dark-eyed junco (stock | Credit: (c) Brian / stock.adobe.com] Dark-eyed
junco (stock image).

Credit: (c) Brian / stock.adobe.com [Dark-eyed junco (stock | Credit:
(c) Brian / stock.adobe.com] Dark-eyed junco (stock image).

Credit: (c) Brian / stock.adobe.com Close Climate change is not only a
human problem; animals have to adapt to it as well. Some "warm-blooded"
animals are shapeshifting and getting larger beaks, legs, and ears to
better regulate their body temperatures as the planet gets hotter. Bird researcher Sara Ryding of Deakin University in Australia describes these changes in a review published September 7th in the journal Trends in
Ecology and Evolution.


==========================================================================
"A lot of the time when climate change is discussed in mainstream media,
people are asking 'can humans overcome this?', or 'what technology can
solve this?'.

It's high time we recognized that animals also have to adapt to these
changes, but this is occurring over a far shorter timescale than would
have occurred through most of evolutionary time," says Ryding. "The
climate change that we have created is heaping a whole lot of pressure on
them, and while some species will adapt, others will not." Ryding notes
that climate change is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that's been occurring progressively, so it is difficult to pinpoint just one cause
of the shapeshifting. But these changes have been occurring across wide geographical regions and among a diverse array of species, so there is
little in common apart from climate change.

Strong shapeshifting has particularly been reported in birds. Several
species of Australian parrot have shown, on average, a 4%-10% increase
in bill size since 1871, and this is positively correlated with the
summer temperature each year. North American dark-eyed juncos, a type
of small songbird, had a link between increased bill size and short-term temperature extremes in cold environments. There have also been reported changes in mammalian species.

Researchers have reported tail length increases in wood mice and tail
and leg size increases in masked shrews.

"The increases in appendage size we see so far are quite small -- less
than 10% -- so the changes are unlikely to be immediately noticeable,"
says Ryding.

"However, prominent appendages such as ears are predicted to increase --
so we might end up with a live-action Dumbo in the not-so-distant future." Next, Ryding intends to investigate shapeshifting in Australian birds
firsthand by 3D scanning museum bird specimens from the past 100 years. It
will give her team a better understanding of which birds are changing
appendage size due to climate change and why.

"Shapeshifting does not mean that animals are coping with climate change
and that all is 'fine,' says Ryding. "It just means they are evolving to survive it -- but we're not sure what the other ecological consequences of these changes are, or indeed that all species are capable of changing and surviving." The authors received financial support from the Australian Research Council Discovery Project, an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship, and a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of
Canada Discovery Grant.

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Cell_Press. Note: Content may be
edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Sara Ryding, Marcel Klaassen, Glenn J. Tattersall, Janet L. Gardner,
Matthew R.E. Symonds. Shape-shifting: changing animal morphologies
as a response to climatic warming. Trends in Ecology & Evolution,
2021; DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.07.006 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/09/210907110718.htm

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