Ancient bone tools found in Moroccan cave were used to work leather, fur


Date:
September 16, 2021
Source:
Cell Press
Summary:
When researchers first started to look at animal bones from
Contrebandiers Cave, Morocco, they wanted to learn about the diet
and environment of early human ancestors who lived there between
120,000 and 90,000 years ago. But they soon realized that the bones
they had found weren't just meal scraps. They'd been shaped into
tools, apparently for use in working leather and fur.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
When researchers first started to look at animal bones from Contrebandiers Cave, Morocco, they wanted to learn about the diet and environment of
early human ancestors who lived there between 120,000 and 90,000 years
ago. But they soon realized that the bones they had found weren't just
meal scraps. As reported in the journal iScience on September 16, they'd
been shaped into tools, apparently for use in working leather and fur.


========================================================================== "These bone tools have shaping and use marks that indicate they were used
for scraping hides to make leather and for scraping pelts to make fur,"
says Emily Hallett of the 'Lise Meitner' Pan-African Evolution research
group at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
in Germany. "At the same time, I found a pattern of cut marks on the
carnivore bones from Contrebandiers Cave that suggested that humans were
not processing carnivores for meat but were instead skinning them for
their fur." Clothing made of fur and hides likely played an important
role in the ability of early humans to move into colder parts of the
world during the Pleistocene.

"Genetic studies of clothing lice by other researchers have suggested
that clothing originated in modern humans at least 170,000 years ago
in Africa," says Hallett. But not much is known about the tradition of
clothing and its manufacture because fur and other organic materials
generally aren't preserved in the archaeological record, especially not
in deposits 100,000 or more years old. The new findings provide "highly suggestive proxy evidence for the earliest clothing in the archaeological record," the authors write.

The researchers, including the late Harold Dibble, an influential
archaeologist from the University of Pennsylvania, identified 62 bone
tools from the Contrebandiers Cave in all. The bones were sculpted in
diverse ways to create regular shapes. They were also polished and
smoothed. Alongside the bone tools were the remains of sand foxes,
golden jackals, and wildcats, all with marks consistent with the notion
that people had removed their skins for furs utilizing techniques that
still are used today. The remains of other kinds of animals related to
modern cattle found within the cave show different markings, suggesting
they were processed instead for meat.

In addition, researchers found a cetacean tooth tip, which they report
bears what is likely a combination of human and non-human modifications,
This makes it the earliest documented use of a marine mammal tooth by
humans and the only verified marine mammal of this age from North Africa.

Overall, the evidence from Contrebandiers Cave highlights the pan-African emergence of complex culture, including the use of multiple and diverse materials for specialized tool manufacture. "Our findings show that early humans were manufacturing bone tools that were used to prepare skins
and furs, and that this behavior is likely part of a larger tradition
with earlier examples that have not yet been found," Hallett says.

Hallett says she's curious to see whether other archaeologists will
find comparable carnivore skinning patterns in other assemblages of
bone. She also wants to experimentally manufacture and use bone tools
in a controlled environment to understand the time and labor investment
that went into making and maintaining these early bone tools.

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, the University
of Salamanca, the Institute of Human Origins, a John Templeton Foundation
grant to the Institute of Human Origins at Arizona State University,
the School of Human Evolution and Social Change, the Australian Research Council, the Leakey Foundation, the National Geographic Society, and the University Research Foundation of the University of Pennsylvania. Harold
Dibble passed away on June 10, 2018 and is missed by his team.

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Cell_Press. Note: Content may be
edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Emily Y. Hallett, Curtis W. Marean, Teresa E. Steele, Esteban
A'lvarez-
Ferna'ndez, Zenobia Jacobs, Jacopo Niccolo` Cerasoni, Vera Aldeias,
Eleanor M.L. Scerri, Deborah I. Olszewski, Mohamed Abdeljalil
El Hajraoui, Harold L. Dibble. A worked bone assemblage from
120,000-90,000 year old deposits at Contrebandiers Cave, Atlantic
Coast, Morocco.

iScience, 2021; 102988 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102988 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/09/210916114534.htm

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