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Lamey <lametroll@invalid.invalid> wrote in news:k34lkg5asbjjrnbltd2knr1bvjejf8ds89@4ax.com:

On Wed, 22 Sep 2021 01:41:52 GMT, a322x1n <void@void.void> wrote:

Lamey <lametroll@invalid.invalid> wrote in >>news:dijkkg97f6upshgv34a0r3a4f46aiem95l@4ax.com:

On Tue, 21 Sep 2021 17:52:27 GMT, a322x1n <void@void.void> wrote:

Kurt Nicklas <kurt_nicklas@gmail.com> wrote in >>>>news:836kkg5o9k1l5ukjqgs0u76859l89qjtee@4ax.com:

On Sat, 18 Sep 2021 19:49:52 GMT, a322x1n <void@void.void> wrote:

THE son of the First Cause <drlmccoymd@gmail.com> wrote in
news:f1938f7a-c342-4a30-afa3-a387c870e032n@googlegroups.com:

On Friday, September 17, 2021 at 11:39:45 AM UTC-6, a322x1n
wrote:

Mitchell Holman <noe...@verizon.net> wrote in
news:XnsADA87EE5E624C...@216.166.97.131:

Viktor Tandofsky <vtand...@gmail.com> wrote in
news:1b406f03-efd8-450f...@googlegroups.com:

On Friday, September 17, 2021 at 7:42:57 AM UTC-7, Lee
wrote:

Kurt Nicklas wrote:

Autopsies are public records, any death
caused by a vaccination would be known to all.

https://www.rcfp.org/open-government-sections/a-autopsy-and-co >>>>>>>> > ro ne rs - reports/

"Kurt's" habit of making up lies knows no limit.

Don't you mean holman's lies?

No, "Kurt's" lies. And "Kurt's" lies alone.

Here's the report you deleted because it's painful for you to
read, Karen.

You're so clumsy and stupid.

"An ABC news fishing expedition on Facebook took a startling turn
over the weekend, after a reporter asked readers to share stories
of loved ones who died of Covid after refusing or delaying to get
the vaccine.

Instead, thousands of readers reported of loved ones who died
after vaccination and, even worse, dying from adverse reactions to
the vaccine."

https://tinyurl.com/n26ybjru

Total bull shit, "Kurt".
Is all you have to offer is more disinformation sites?

Why are his disinformation and yours are not? Explain how you get
these conclusions.

His sites dispense lies, bull shit, made up stories. Mine dispense >>accurate facts and information:

Who says?

<https://onlinemasters.ohio.edu/masters-public-administration/guide-to-
mi sinformation-and-fact-checking/>

<https://tinyurl.com/p3tzu2ku>

Don't let the big words give you a headache, "Lamey":

The internet makes it easy for billions of people to access
information with a few simple keystrokes. However, it also makes it
easy to spread false information, which can have disastrous effects on
both individuals and society as a whole. For this reason, it?
important to fact-check sources of information.

Fact-checking is important because misinformation can sway your
opinion. In turn, your opinion can largely inform your actions. If you
base your actions on false information, you can easily make the wrong >>decisions. These decisions can lead to unintended consequences. For >>example, if you share fake news on a social media platform and people
find out it? fake, it could negatively impact their opinion of your >>credibility. Or, the fake news you share could go viral and shape the >>outcome of an election.

The best way to counter fake news is to conduct your own research.
Through this guide, you?l learn the basics about misinformation and
fake news, how to evaluate sources of information, where to find
reputable information, and where to look for fact-checking tools.

Misinformation Definition: What Is It and Why Is It an Issue?
By its simplest definition, misinformation is incorrect or misleading >>information. However, when Dictionary.com named misinformation the
2018 word of the year, it did so with the addition of a phrase that >>reflects our modern predicament. Misinformation isn? just incorrect or >>misleading information ?it? false information that people spread
regardless of whether there is intent to mislead.

This new definition accounts for the fact that many people who share >>misinformation online do not know it? misinformation, and they?e not >>sharing it with malicious or dubious intent. Many people share ?ake >>news?because they find it interesting and relevant to what? going on
in the world.

The seemingly innocent act of sharing misinformation can have
unintended and pernicious consequences. If news outlets or editorial
sites report misinformation without fact-checking it first,
misinformation can become fake news. At its worst, fake news
undermines democracy. Misinformation can also propel other issues,
such as climate change denial or the anti-vaccination movement. The
people working to fight misinformation are committed to ensuring that
lies don? hurt individuals and society as a whole.

Misinformation vs. Disinformation
Misinformation and disinformation are terms that may seem
interchangeable. Although there are some similarities between >>misinformation and disinformation, they?e not the same. Unlike >>misinformation, which people spread without knowing it? false, >>disinformation is false information that people spread with full
knowledge of its inaccuracy.

An example of disinformation is the fake Nike coupons spread by trolls
on the internet forums 4Chan and 8Chan. After Nike featured Colin >>Kaepernick ?a former NFL quarterback whose #TakeAKnee campaign was a >>protest against racial injustice ?in an ad campaign, the forum users
began disseminating fake coupons. The fake, racist coupons offered 75%
off Nike? products for ?eople of color.?The intent of this
disinformation was to hurt the Nike brand.

Urban legends are examples of misinformation. Many people spread urban >>legends believing they?e true, or at least there? a shred of truth to
them. The Slender Man myth is an example of a modern urban legend >>propagated online. Children passed around the story of a bogeyman
named Slender Man. Eventually, two children claimed that Slender Man
forced them to attempt to commit murder.

Because misinformation can be more widespread and harder to spot than >>disinformation, this guide focuses on misinformation. However, keep in
mind that the fact-checking methods here can also be used against >>disinformation.

The Spread of Misinformation and Fake News
Instant communication and social media have made it easier than ever
for people to get in touch with each other, regardless of time or
place. While this is incredibly useful for a multitude of reasons, it
has also created the perfect breeding ground for misinformation to
spread like wildfire.

Research shows that Facebook users engage with misinformation ?which
often takes the form of fake news ?70 million times per month on
average. This is a decline from the 2016 peak of 200 million monthly
fake news engagements, but still no small figure. On Twitter, people
share false content 4 million to 6 million times per month, a figure
that has not declined since the 2016 election.

Due to artificially intelligent bots, ?rolls?who are intentionally
hurtful and nasty, as well as microtargeting and personalized ads, it?
all too easy for fake news to spread. Cognitive biases can make people
more susceptible to misinformation. On social networks, we tend to
share stories that tug at our emotions, and we?e more likely to engage
with content that already has a lot of ?ikes,?comments, or re-tweets ? >>regardless of whether that content is true or false.

In the case of the Cambridge Analytica scandal, investigators found
that a firm called Cambridge Analytica harvested psychological profile
data from unknowing users. Bad actors used this data in an attempt to >>influence the 2016 election by microtargeting users with
misinformation; they took advantage of emotional biases to disseminate
fake news stories that ultimately influenced political opinions.

The Importance of Credible Sources
Fact-checking claims with reliable information from credible sources
is perhaps the best way to fight the spread of misinformation. By >>double-checking a claim you see on social media or in an online
article, you can verify whether or not it? true. It? important to use >>verifiable, reputable sources to fact-check information ?otherwise,
you risk perpetuating the cycle.

What Makes a Source Credible?
When it comes to the credibility of information sources, the waters
can be muddy for a casual internet user. It isn? always immediately
clear which websites and articles are credible. A certain site may
seem trustworthy to one person, but not to another.

There are six criteria you can use to evaluate a website:

Authority: The website should have contact information,
developer/owner information, and author credentials/qualifications. >>Purpose: The website? purpose should be clear, with articles that
match its stated purpose; you can look at the domain? URL to help
determine purpose ? .gov sites are government sites, .edu sites are
college and university sites, while .com, .org, .net, domains can be >>purchased and may be sources of fake news. Coverage: The website
should provide external links to verifiable sources to back up factual >>claims. If the site only links to its own pages, and the occasional >>external link is to a low-authority, questionable site, then coverage
is incomplete and may be untrustworthy. Timeliness: The website should >>provide information about when content was written and published, as
well as whether it has been updated. Links to information sources
should be relevant and up-to-date. Objectivity: The website should be
clear about how objective it is. You should be able to find out
exactly what a site is up to by looking at its ?bout?section.
Accuracy: The website? factual claims should be verifiable. Factual
claims should hold up as true when you test them against independent >>sources. It can be tough to verify a website? credibility because you
have to conduct research. However, it? far better to put in the extra >>effort than to blindly accept a site? claims as factual.

Website Evaluation Checklist: How to Evaluate a Source for Credibility >>There are some additional criteria by which to judge a site?
reliability. To make the process of evaluating sources even easier,
ask yourself the following questions:

Does the site? design prioritize user experience such that you are
able to easily navigate and find out information about the site? Or is
it hard to use? Is the site? content riddled with technical errors
(i.e. spelling errors, grammatical errors, headlines that don? match
the content subject matter) such that it? clear there? no editorial >>oversight? Or is there a reasonable level of quality? Is the site?
content doubtable, derivative, and repetitive, or is it authentic? If
it? a news source, can you find articles that have been amended to
correct inaccurate statements or typos? Does the site have any
original sources of information or does it only link out? For original >>sources, does a search on a reputable search engine reveal the
authenticity of the person or organization? What is the person or >>organization? aim? Are the images on the site low-quality and spammy,
or do they relate and contribute directly to the content? subject
matter? Does the site identify its target audience? Can you easily
search the site via onsite search engine? Does the site have a valid >>security certificate? Do the site editor? respond when you contact
them? Do attempts to access content frequently result in redirects?
Is the site often down and not functioning properly?
Do links typically lead to dead pages?
You don? have to answer all of these questions, but even attempting to >>answer some of them can put you on the right track to determining a >>website? credibility. The key is to get critical and start taking
extra steps toward certainty.

Below, you?l find some of the biggest questions to answer in your
search for the truth.

Is the Claim Believable?
First, consider the claim itself: does common sense tell you it?
believable or realistic? News can be shocking or unexpected, but a
headline should have a reasonable level of believability. Treat
sensational or revelatory claims about public figures, politics, and
the nature of reality as suspect. Try not to trust everything you read
or assume something is true because someone wrote it. If an article
sounds far-fetched, there? a good chance it? fake news.

Is This a Well-Known News Organization or Website?
Which website or organization is providing you with information? Is it
a trusted news outlet, such as The New York Times, NPR, or Reuters? Or
is it a random website you?e never heard of before? Again, check the
URL of the website: .edu and .gov sites are more reliable, as they?e >>reserved for educational institutions and government organizations.
Someone may even try to mimic the URL of a reputable news outlet, so >>double-check that it? not misspelled or a few letters off.

Do They Include Sources for Their Information?
Whether we?e talking news articles or scholarly papers, a credible
source always includes their external sources of information to back
up their factual claims. News organizations require journalists to
identify their sources unless the source has requested anonymity.
Experts want to give credit, as they know that citing other experts
makes their claims even stronger. However, be careful to examine >>journalistic, scholarly, and scientific sources. Even
official-sounding sources may be too biased to be trusted or not as >>legitimate as they appear.

Is the Information Available from Other Trusted News Outlets?
Is the website you?e reading the only one reporting this information,
or are other well-known, authoritative news outlets also sharing
similar stories? If one website is the only place where you can find
any information on a subject, it? probably fake news. Even the most
recent, breaking stories spread quickly between different news
outlets. If there are other sites reporting the information, check the >>validity and authority level of those sites.

Is the Author Real and Reliable?
Take a moment to identify the author of a piece of content. If the
website reveals the author? name and credentials, it can be a good
sign that someone is willing to stand by their work and put their >>reputation on the line.

However, an author alone isn? enough to indicate a reliable source. It
may be a fake persona or pseudonym, or they may not be qualified to >>actually write about the subject. Be sure to see if the author
provides any links to personal websites, social media profiles, or a >>portfolio, and follow the links to check legitimacy.

Did It Happen Recently?
Look at the date of the article or report. When was it first posted or
last updated? The date of a source says a lot about whether or not the >>information is still relevant, factual, accurate, or useful. For
example, if you?e looking for the latest information on presidential >>candidates, the timestamp on information sources can change the
accuracy and relevance of the information a great deal. Facts are >>time-sensitive; generally, the more recent a report is, the better.

Does It Elicit Strong Emotions?
Fake news and misinformation often attempt to appeal to your emotions
or elicit a strong or intense reaction. Is the article or source of >>information trying to get you to feel a certain way?

It doesn? matter what the emotion is ?happy, angry, sad, shocked ?any >>article that attempts to persuade you to feel intense emotions is more >>likely to be biased. An author of a biased article may be trying to >>persuade you to believe certain ideologies or support a cause, rather
than inform you. Look for information sources that include the other
side of the argument in the form of countervailing evidence or
interviews with experts who contradict the prevailing sentiment of a
piece.

Is Confirmation Bias Clouding Your Judgment?
Confirmation bias is the human tendency to seek out and believe
information that confirms our biases. When looking at any source, it? >>important to consider your own response to the information. Is the >>information source telling you what you want to hear? Is confirmation
bias making it difficult to see that a source isn? as reliable as you
think it is? You?l know you?e experiencing confirmation bias when your >>emotions are powerful and a healthy level of skepticism is
nonexistent.

Credible Sources: Where to Find Reputable Information
Though you can? trust everything you read, there are still plenty of >>reliable places to find credible information on the internet.

Associated Press News: A not-for-profit news agency and winner of 53 >>Pulitzer Prizes, the AP has an unincorporated structure with over
1,000 members, including U.S. newspapers and broadcasters. Reuters:
Often the source of information for other news sites, Reuters has a >>sterling reputation and is owned by Thomson Reuters, which limits
corporate influence. PBS: A nonprofit organization, the Public
Broadcasting Service subjects content to a test to ensure it does not
serve the interests of funders. The Economist: Despite the liberal
bent of its editorials, The Economist has a reputation for reporting >>factual information free from bias. BBC: Primarily funded by a license
fee paid by British households, BBC News is independent and regulated
by a separate entity called Ofcom that receives direction from the
British Parliament. Some of the other publications with top ratings
include The New York Times, Christian Science Monitor, and ProPublica. >>Although it? not a news publication, C-SPAN is an excellent source of >>firsthand information about what? happening in Washington.

Who Can Combat Misinformation?
Everyone can and should fight against the spread of misinformation by >>researching claims and refusing to share fake news. If a story is
suspect, it? better not to share it. Regardless of your age, gender, >>location, or political beliefs, you can take steps to find out whether
the information you encounter online is factually correct. Some
people, however, are in an especially strong position to fight the
spread of misinformation.

Government Leaders and Officials
People who work for the government ?whether at the local, state, or
federal level ?are in a unique position to fight fake news. Public
leaders have an ethical responsibility to advance the public interest
and promote ethical organizations. Because misinformation and fake
news cannot aid the public, government officials have free rein to
promote initiatives to fight fake news.

Public leaders can do the following:

Promote news literacy.
Encourage independent and professional journalism.
Encourage scientific investigation into methods of curbing the >>dissemination of fake news. Promote governmental transparency.
Discourage censorship.
Advocate for free speech.
In particular, public leaders can choose to honor whistleblowers who
reveal the truth. Individuals who pursue a public administration
degree will be at the forefront of battling fake news by promoting
public awareness and following through on transparency initiatives.

Industry Leaders
Public leaders can only do so much; it takes the help of private >>organizations to fight misinformation. When the public and private
sectors work together toward a common goal, they can have successful >>public-private partnerships. Leaders from the news and internet
industries ?such as YouTube, Google, Facebook, and Twitter ?must be >>committed to fighting misinformation. Allowing fake news to circulate
on internet platforms will only contribute to future problems with >>misinformation. Just as public leaders have a responsibility to be
honest with the public, industry leaders must actively oppose the
spread of misinformation.

Journalists and Writers
Journalists and writers have control over the content they create, and
they have an obligation to ensure the information they report is as >>accurate and true as possible. Even so, according to the Poynter
Institute, a study revealed that 80% of journalists have fallen for >>misinformation online. According to misinformation expert Joan
Donovan, journalists and media outlets help amplify misinformation
when they cover it. This is why Google released two new tools to help >>journalists fact-check stories. By only reporting information they
know to be true, journalists and writers can stop misinformation
before it has a chance to spread.

Younger Generations
Children are the future of our world, and due to growing public
awareness of fake news, children are in a position to counter >>misinformation from a young age. Born between 1996 and 2010,
Generation Z is the first generation to grow up on the internet, with >>virtually endless access to technology and instant communications. >>Generation Z is well-prepared for public service because they know the >>issues and are not afraid of activism. According to the Poynter
Institute, older people are more likely to share fake news. As digital >>natives, Generation Z may understand how to evaluate sources and
identify fake news better than older generations who are not natively >>familiar with this technology.

Fact-Checking Resources and Tools
There are many resources and tools designed to help you verify the
truth of factual claims on and off the internet.

Fact-Checking Sites
FactCheck.org: From the Annenberg Public Policy Center of the
University of Pennsylvania, this is a nonprofit, nonpartisan site
dedicated to reducing the level of deception and confusion in U.S. >>politics. PolitiFact: Acquired by the Poynter Institute in 2018 and
funded by online ads as well as private donors, Politifact is a
nonpartisan site featuring the ?ruth-o-meter,?which assigns levels of
truth to political statements. FAIR: A national media watchdog group,
FAIR specializes in critiquing media bias and censorship, with an
emphasis on promoting diverse, dissenting media viewpoints.
OpenSecrets: From the Center for Responsive Politics, a research group
that tracks the influence of money in American politics, OpenSecrets >>features reporting, data, and academic resources on money in politics. >>Snopes: The original fact-checking and myth-busting site, Snopes is an >>independent organization that fact-checks any story worth checking.

Browser Extensions and Plug-ins
Project Fib: Chrome extension that claims to detect fake news on your >>Facebook news feed. B.S. Detector: Chrome extension that adds a
warning label to questionable sites and identifies questionable links
on social media posts. Media Bias Fact Check: Chrome extension that
adds an icon to news sites denoting their political bias.
StopTheBullS#!t: Chrome extension that claims to block fake news.

and still no answer.

Oh, darn, "Lamey", the big words did give you a headache.

--- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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