On 6/19/24 11:04, Heriberto Avelino wrote:

Furthermore, the ultimate question is how could I copy folders from the computer's hard drive to the external one while in rescue mode?

Is your computer's hard drive is already mounted? Are you comfortable in a shell?

--
For is it not written, wheresoever two or three are gathered
together, yea they will perform the Parrot Sketch.

-- Rob on ASR

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On 6/19/24 08:04, Heriberto Avelino wrote:

Dear all:
Is it possible to mount an external hard drive while running Debian in
rescue mode?

Yes.

Furthermore, the ultimate question is how could I copy folders from the computer's hard drive to the external one while in rescue mode?
Many thanks!!
Heriberto

This is how I start a rescue shell using debian-11.9.0-amd64-netboot media:

Debian GNU/Linux installer menu (BIOS mode) -> Advanced options
Advanced options -> Rescue mode
Language -> C
Continent or region -> North America
Country, territory or area -> United States
Keymap -> American English
Hostname -> debianrescue
Domain name -> tracy.holgerdanske.com
Select your time zone -> Pacific
Passphrase for /dev/sda3 -> <empty> -> Continue
Device to use as a root file system -> Do not use a root file system
Rescue operations -> Execute a shell in the installer environment
Executing a shell -> Continue


Once busybox(1) is running, you can issue mount(8) and cp(1) commands
similar to using a shell.


David

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On 6/19/24 15:23, Heriberto Avelino wrote:

I am now on a shell (BusyBox v.35.0 Debian 1:1.35.0-4+b3)

There is nothing under media nor root

Things mounted by the system would probably show up under /media or /mnt .

Where are the internal h-drive and the external?

To mount those you need the device names. Perhaps you'd be better off with
a graphical file manager.

--
And if the cloud bursts, thunder in your ear
You shout and no one seems to hear
And if the band you're in starts playing different tunes
I'll see you on th dark side of the moon -- PF, "Brain Damage", _DSotM_

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On Wed, Jun 19, 2024 at 01:23:01PM -0600, Heriberto Avelino wrote:

Thanks Eben and David!
I am now on a shell (BusyBox v.35.0 Debian 1:1.35.0-4+b3)
I don't see the mounting points to execute cp.

As far as I know, you have dmesg in the rescue shell. So the way to
go would be:

- insert your external disc
- wait a second or two for things to settle
- issue "dmesg | tail"
- you'll see your kernel recognising external media and trying
to make sense of it. Here's an example:

======================================================
tomas@caliban:~$ sudo dmesg | tail
[ 1124.990155] scsi host2: usb-storage 2-6:1.0
[ 1126.811573] scsi 2:0:0:0: Direct-Access USB DISK PMAP PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 1126.812188] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
[ 1126.814169] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] 30310400 512-byte logical blocks: (15.5 GB/14.5 GiB)
[ 1126.814602] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[ 1126.814613] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 23 00 00 00
[ 1126.814788] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page found
[ 1126.814796] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
[ 1126.820398] sdb: sdb1
[ 1126.820515] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk ======================================================

This was me inserting a DOS partitioned stick with one primary partition (sdb1). Therefore, the block device will appear as /dev/sdb1.

Your mileage will almost certainly vary.

Now you can, e.g. say

mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt

The kernel will try to auto-detect which file system is on your partition.
You can, of course, choose another mount point than /mnt -- it has just
to be some directory. Its contents, if any, will be shadowed by your new
file system and won't be accessible as long as the mount is in effect.

From here on you can use mv, cp, whatever. Whenever copying lots of stuff recursively, the option "-a" to cp comes in handy.

There is nothing under media nor root; under usr I can see only: bin lib local sbin share.

Your rescue system is very bare-bones: it won't do automounting for you,
etc. I think that makes sense.

Where are the internal h-drive and the external?
I would very much appreciate your further help.

I hope the above description gets you started. In case of doubt, just
ask :)

Who could have envisioned a community like this back in the 80's? This is great!

It is, yes. I'm very thankful for that.

Cheers
--
t

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On 6/19/24 12:23, Heriberto Avelino wrote:

On Wed, Jun 19, 2024 at 9:04 AM Heriberto Avelino wrote:

Is it possible to mount an external hard drive while running Debian in
rescue mode?
Furthermore, the ultimate question is how could I copy folders from the
computer's hard drive to the external one while in rescue mode?

Thanks Eben and David!
I am now on a shell (BusyBox v.35.0 Debian 1:1.35.0-4+b3)
I don't see the mounting points to execute cp.
There is nothing under media nor root; under usr I can see only: bin
lib local sbin share.
Where are the internal h-drive and the external?
I would very much appreciate your further help.
Who could have envisioned a community like this back in the 80's? This
is great!
Heriberto

We are glad to help. :-)


On Debian GNU/Linux, SATA drives (internal and external) should have
special files (device nodes) under /dev. You can use the ls(1) command
and a glob pattern to find them:

~ # ls /dev/sd?

/dev/sda


You can use the fdisk(8) command to list the partitions on a drive. For example, here is the drive containing Debian in the computer I am using now:

~ # fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 55.9 GiB, 60022480896 bytes, 117231408 sectors
Disk model: INTEL SSDSC2CW06
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x544032f5

Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1953791 1951744 953M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1953792 3907583 1953792 954M 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 3907584 29298687 25391104 12.1G 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 29298688 117229567 87930880 41.9G 83 Linux


Partitions can contain one of several things. One possibility is a file system. I keep detailed records on all of my OS's and drives, so I know
what is what. Figuring out the contents of an unknown drive using the
Debian rescue shell is possible, but requires more knowledge and effort.
Using a live Linux distribution instead of the Debian rescue shell can
make such tasks easier. I install Debian onto a SATA SSD via a USB-SATA adapter cable for this purpose.


Once you have identified the device node of a partition that contains
the file system that you want to read and/or write, you must mount the
file system. The first step is to create a mount point with mkdir(1):

~ # mkdir /scratch


The second step is to mount the file system with mount(8):

~ # mount /dev/sda4 /scratch


Repeat the above process to mount any additional file systems that you
want to read and/or write.


One the file system(s) are mounted, you can read and/or write files
and/or directories. For example, you can use cp(1) to copy files from
an internal drive to an external drive.


"Learning the Unix Operating System" is a good book for learning how to
use Unix/ Linux from the command line:

https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/learning-the-unix/0596002610/


"UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook" is a good book for
learning how to administer Unix/ Linux from the command line:

https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/unix-and-linux/9780134278308/


"Design of the UNIX Operating System" is a good book for understanding
how Unix worked around the time Linux Torvalds wrote Linux:

https://www.pearson.com/en-us/subject-catalog/p/design-of-the-unix-operating-system/P200000009243/9780132017992

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds


David

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On 6/20/24 19:10, Max Nikulin wrote:

On 20/06/2024 12:06, David Christensen wrote:

You can use the fdisk(8) command to list the partitions on a drive.

lsblk --fs

perhaps with "-o +SIZE" may be more convenient to get overview of drives.

The debian-11.9.0-amd64-netinst rescue shell does not include lsblk(8):

~ # lsblk
/bin/sh: lsblk: not found


David

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On 06/21/2024 09:59 PM, Max Nikulin wrote:

On 21/06/2024 11:39, David Christensen wrote:

On 6/20/24 19:10, Max Nikulin wrote:

On 20/06/2024 12:06, David Christensen wrote:

You can use the fdisk(8) command to list the partitions on a drive.

lsblk --fs

perhaps with "-o +SIZE" may be more convenient to get overview of
drives.

The debian-11.9.0-amd64-netinst rescue shell does not include lsblk(8):

My bad, I missed that the topic is specific to installer rescue mode. I usually boot a live image for rescue. It is more convenient: more tools
are available or can be temporary installed, a browser may be used to
search for failure details. A possible downside is enabling of found
swap partitions and automounting of removable drives.

Thank you for reminding me of live images just now. Perfect timing.
I have an i386 machine with some atypical constraints. https://www.debian.org/CD/live/ states only amd64 images are currently available.

Questions:
1. What is latest i386 live image available in some archive?
2. I have a working machine that will take a current full install
of an i386 system. Can an average user create his own i386 live
install image?

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Hi,

Richard Owlett wrote:

1. What is latest i386 live image available in some archive?

I guess:
https://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/11.9.0-live/i386/iso-hybrid/
At least the pages for archived Live ISOs for Debian 12 list no i386
any more:
https://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/12.1.0-live/

2. I have a working machine that will take a current full install
of an i386 system. Can an average user create his own i386 live
install image?

Well, there is the manual
https://live-team.pages.debian.net/live-manual/html/live-manual/index.en.html The section "4.2 First steps: building an ISO hybrid image" looks like
you could get a quick ride.
https://live-team.pages.debian.net/live-manual/html/live-manual/the-basics.en.html#170
"execute the following sequence of live-build commands to create a basic
ISO hybrid image containing a default live system without X.org."

If it doesn't work, then debian-live@lists.debian.org would be the list
to ask for help.


Have a nice day :)

Thomas

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On 06/22/2024 07:39 AM, Thomas Schmitt wrote:

Hi,

Richard Owlett wrote:

1. What is latest i386 live image available in some archive?

I guess:
https://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/11.9.0-live/i386/iso-hybrid/

That solves a plethora of problems! Thank you.

At least the pages for archived Live ISOs for Debian 12 list no i386
any more:
https://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/12.1.0-live/

2. I have a working machine that will take a current full install
of an i386 system. Can an average user create his own i386 live
install image?

Well, there is the manual
https://live-team.pages.debian.net/live-manual/html/live-manual/index.en.html

Reviewing table of contents indicate that sections 8, 9, and 10 have
answers to questions I didn't know _how_ to ask ;}

The section "4.2 First steps: building an ISO hybrid image" looks like
you could get a quick ride.
https://live-team.pages.debian.net/live-manual/html/live-manual/the-basics.en.html#170

Looks doable.
At least I'll learn enough to ask answerable questions.

"execute the following sequence of live-build commands to create a basic
ISO hybrid image containing a default live system without X.org."

If it doesn't work, then debian-live@lists.debian.org would be the list
to ask for help.

Have a nice day :)

With your reading list it should be educational. Thanks again.

Thomas

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Hi,

On Sat, Jun 22, 2024 at 06:43:04AM -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:

Questions:
1. What is latest i386 live image available in some archive?
2. I have a working machine that will take a current full install
of an i386 system. Can an average user create his own i386 live
install image?

Before you spend too much time on this, do be aware that Debian is
dropping i686 as an install architecture. There won't be installers
for i686 in future releases of Debian. You will only be able to run
i686 packages as a foreign arch on a machine booted with an amd64
kernel (or via virtualisation methods).

Building your own live images for amd64 and other supported
architectures is still pretty easy though.

Thanks,
Andy



--
https://bitfolk.com/ -- No-nonsense VPS hosting

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On 6/22/24 04:43, Richard Owlett wrote:

Thank you for reminding me of live images just now. Perfect timing.
I have an i386 machine with some atypical constraints. https://www.debian.org/CD/live/ states only amd64 images are currently available.

Questions:
  1. What is latest i386 live image available in some archive?
  2. I have a working machine that will take a current full install
     of an i386 system. Can an average user create his own i386 live
     install image?

Rather than creating a customized Debian Live image, I install Debian
onto a USB flash drive or onto a 2.5" SATA SSD connected via a USB-SATA
adapter cable:

https://www.startech.com/en-us/hdd/usb3s2sat3cb


Installing Debian onto a USB device allows me to choose the tasks I want
at install time and then to add, remove, update, upgrade, etc., the
packages I want later. I load the USB Debian instances with all of my
favorite Unix/ Linux/ Debian trouble-shooting tools, plus my own scripts.


My Debian 11 amd64 BIOS/MBR USB instance works on all of my amd64
BIOS/MBR computers and works on most of my EUFI/GPT computers when set
to BIOS/MBR mode.


My Debian 11 am64 UEFI/GPT USB instance was created on a Windows 10 era
machine with UEFI/GPT and only works on similar machines with similar
settings.


David

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Rather than creating a customized Debian Live image, I install Debian onto
a USB flash drive or onto a 2.5" SATA SSD connected via a USB-SATA adapter cable:

+1

It's pretty easy to make a simple Debian install on some old USB key you
have lying around and it comes really handy.


Stefan

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On 06/22/2024 12:13 PM, Stefan Monnier wrote:

Rather than creating a customized Debian Live image, I install Debian onto >> a USB flash drive or onto a 2.5" SATA SSD connected via a USB-SATA adapter >> cable:

+1

It's pretty easy to make a simple Debian install on some old USB key you
have lying around and it comes really handy.

Stefan

Snicker
Relevant laptop is so old I don't know if it can boot from a physical
USB device. I was suspecting that simplest thing would be copying
suitable image to hard drive and let GRUB earn its keep ;}

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On 06/22/2024 08:55 AM, Andy Smith wrote:

Hi,

On Sat, Jun 22, 2024 at 06:43:04AM -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:

Questions:
1. What is latest i386 live image available in some archive?
2. I have a working machine that will take a current full install
of an i386 system. Can an average user create his own i386 live
install image?

Before you spend too much time on this, do be aware that Debian is
dropping i686 as an install architecture. There won't be installers
for i686 in future releases of Debian. You will only be able to run
i686 packages as a foreign arch on a machine booted with an amd64
kernel (or via virtualisation methods).

Building your own live images for amd64 and other supported
architectures is still pretty easy though.

Thanks,
Andy

*ROFL*
When I was an E.E. undergrad CPUs had 12AX7s and I/O devices included
026 and KSR35. Analog hardware was more interesting than new-fangled
digital stuff [have one of my father's CK722's around somewhere].

I ask about i386 Debian Live because I have a fine operational Sony
laptop that currently runs Debian 9.0 and has a $20 price tag on its bottom.

This machine has option to boot Debian 11 with an AMD64 kernel.
I routinely run Debian 9.13 because its configuration is comfortable
(i.e. useful).

I have 2 other laptops which will have something >= Debian 12 before I
abandon this machine.

Will I outlive Debian 11/12?
[My parents married day before Pearl Harbor ;]

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On 6/22/24 10:37, Richard Owlett wrote:

I ask about i386 Debian Live because I have a fine operational Sony
laptop that currently runs Debian 9.0 and has a $20 price tag on its
bottom.

This machine has option to boot Debian 11 with an AMD64 kernel.
I routinely run Debian 9.13 because its configuration is comfortable
(i.e. useful).

I have 2 other laptops which will have something >= Debian 12 before I abandon this machine.

On 6/22/24 10:49, Richard Owlett wrote:

On 06/22/2024 12:13 PM, Stefan Monnier wrote:

On 6/22/24 09:57, David Christensen wrote:

Rather than creating a customized Debian Live image, I install
Debian onto a USB flash drive or onto a 2.5" SATA SSD connected via
a USB-SATA adapter cable:

+1

It's pretty easy to make a simple Debian install on some old USB key
you have lying around and it comes really handy.

Relevant laptop is so old I don't know if it can boot from a physical
USB device. I was suspecting that simplest thing would be copying
suitable image to hard drive and let GRUB earn its keep ;}

So, the Sony laptop has Debian 9.13 i386 installed on the HDD/SSD?


Debian 9 LTS support ended on 01 Jul 2022:

https://endoflife.date/debian


If the Sony laptop can boot Debian 11 amd64 via CD, it should be able to
boot an amd64 OS via USB. I suggest copying
debian-12.5.0-amd64-netinst.iso to a USB flash drive and trying to boot
it. If it works, you can decide if you want to use d-i, if you want to
burn a live distribution to a USB device, and/or if you want to install
Debian onto a USB device.


David

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On Sat, Jun 22, 2024 at 05:18:53PM -0400, Jeffrey Walton wrote:

On Sat, Jun 22, 2024 at 10:48 AM Richard Owlett <rowlett@access.net> wrote:

[...]
Thank you for reminding me of live images just now. Perfect timing.
I have an i386 machine with some atypical constraints. https://www.debian.org/CD/live/ states only amd64 images are currently available.

Questions:
1. What is latest i386 live image available in some archive?
2. I have a working machine that will take a current full install
of an i386 system. Can an average user create his own i386 live
install image?

According to <https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current/i386/iso-cd/>:

We don't store/serve the full set of ISO images for all
architectures, to reduce the amount of space taken up on the mirrors.
You can use the jigdo tool to recreate the missing ISO images instead.

The link provided for the jigdo tool is <https://www.debian.org/CD/faq/#why-jigdo>.

Note: debian-cd and debian-live build scripts are different.

Debian-live are not provided via jigdo but just as single bootable images. Debian-live for i386 is almost unusable given the amount of memory it takes
to boot up a live CD image well and to load all running components into
memory.

As far as possible, the image testing team no longer spend huge amounts
of time on 32 bit Debian live images.

Andy

Jeff

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Hi,

On Sat, Jun 22, 2024 at 12:37:29PM -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:

Will I outlive Debian 11/12?

Well we're only talking a small single digit number of years here,
so I hope you have reason to be optimistic.

Thanks,
Andy

--
https://bitfolk.com/ -- No-nonsense VPS hosting

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On Sat, Jun 22, 2024 at 10:38:29PM +0000, Andy Smith wrote:

Hi,

On Sat, Jun 22, 2024 at 12:37:29PM -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:

Will I outlive Debian 11/12?

Well we're only talking a small single digit number of years here,
so I hope you have reason to be optimistic.

A colleague who is 14 years older than me was discussing this.
Apparently your odds of surviving another year are > 50% until the
age of 94 or so whereupon they start to go down fairly drastically :)

All best

Andy
(amacater@debian.org)

Thanks,
Andy

--
https://bitfolk.com/ -- No-nonsense VPS hosting

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Relevant laptop is so old I don't know if it can boot from a physical USB device. I was suspecting that simplest thing would be copying suitable image to hard drive and let GRUB earn its keep ;}

Indeed my trusty old Thinkpad X30 doesn't boot from USB keys (tho in
theory it can boot from a USB floppy reader), so I use one of two
alternative options:

- Boot using the Grub on the X30's own HDD, and then ask Grub to boot
the kernel+initrd found on the USB key (this is my favorite solution).

- Copy the USB key's kernel+initrd to the /boot partition on the X30's
HDD and boot from that.

- Take the HDD out of the X30 and connect it to my desktop via some
HDD<->USB adapter. Then do what I need to do to it from the comfort
of my desktop computer, typically using `chroot` along the way (this
is the second best).


Stefan

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On Sun, Jun 23, 2024 at 12:35:19PM -0400, Stefan Monnier wrote:

Indeed my trusty old Thinkpad X30 [...]

- Take the HDD out of the X30 [...]

Ah, the old Thinkpads. Swapping out the HD always just one screw away.

I'll miss my old X230 (one of the last capable of this trick) which is
in process of being replaced with a sleek and snobby X260. OTOH, the old
one is promised to a nice person who's in need of one.

Cheers
--
t

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On 06/23/2024 11:35 AM, Stefan Monnier wrote:

Relevant laptop is so old I don't know if it can boot from a physical USB
device. I was suspecting that simplest thing would be copying suitable image >> to hard drive and let GRUB earn its keep ;}

Indeed my trusty old Thinkpad X30 doesn't boot from USB keys (tho in
theory it can boot from a USB floppy reader), so I use one of two
alternative options:

- Boot using the Grub on the X30's own HDD, and then ask Grub to boot
the kernel+initrd found on the USB key (this is my favorite solution).

I think this is the path I should follow. It explicitly handles my
immediate problem and most likely satisfactorily handles issue(s) on
other machine(s).

Where would I find relevant GRUB documentation?

- Copy the USB key's kernel+initrd to the /boot partition on the X30's
HDD and boot from that.

Can I copy the USB key's kernel+initrd to a currently empty partition
and then treat it in manner similar to USB key above? [goal being not to
mess with a currently functioning system ;]

- Take the HDD out of the X30 and connect it to my desktop via some
HDD<->USB adapter. Then do what I need to do to it from the comfort
of my desktop computer, typically using `chroot` along the way (this
is the second best).

Stefan

Thank you.

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- Boot using the Grub on the X30's own HDD, and then ask Grub to boot
the kernel+initrd found on the USB key (this is my favorite solution).

I think this is the path I should follow. It explicitly handles my immediate problem and most likely satisfactorily handles issue(s) on other machine(s). Where would I find relevant GRUB documentation?

IIRC the main question is whether your Grub comes with support for USB storage. If it doesn't you're out of luck.
If it does, it should be a small matter of typing

set root=<THEDISK>,<THEPARTITION>
linux /<THEKERNEL>
initrd /<THEINITRD>

where those things can be completed with the help of TAB completion.

But it may depend on what exactly you're booting from that disk, which
may require specific arguments to be passed to the kernel.

- Copy the USB key's kernel+initrd to the /boot partition on the X30's
HDD and boot from that.

Can I copy the USB key's kernel+initrd to a currently empty partition and then treat it in manner similar to USB key above? [goal being not to mess with a currently functioning system ;]

Yes.


Stefan

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