• weird networking anomaly whereby my gateway always defaults to 0.0.0.0

    From Thomas Anderson@21:1/5 to All on Fri Jan 24 12:40:01 2025
    Hello,

    I am using Debian 11, and no matter what I do, I repeated on each
    reboot, I will boot into a system with no gateway set (or rather, the
    "default route is 0.0.0.0," which naturally gives this device no
    internet connectivity.

    I am using the NetworkManager, and have a static IP set.

    If I turn off the network, and restart it, then it will set the Gateway properly.

    All other settings persist through reboot, except for the gateway.

    I have not found an error messages, and as mentioned, if it restart the networking, it works. Just on reboot, it does not set the gateway properly.

    thanks in advance.

    TA

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Eike Lantzsch ZP5CGE / KY4PZ@21:1/5 to All on Fri Jan 24 13:10:01 2025
    Hi Thomas,

    On Friday, 24 January 2025 08:35:44 GMT-4 Thomas Anderson wrote:
    Hello,

    I am using Debian 11, and no matter what I do, I repeated on each
    reboot, I will boot into a system with no gateway set (or rather, the "default route is 0.0.0.0," which naturally gives this device no
    internet connectivity.

    Are you talking about connecting to an internal network or are you
    talking about connecting to your ISP's network?
    If connecting to an internal network, do you have control over this
    network?


    I am using the NetworkManager, and have a static IP set.

    So you configured a static ip (4?) and did you also configure the netmask
    and gateway statically?
    Or are you expecting your host network (local or your ISP?) to send the appropiate gateway to your client?


    If I turn off the network, and restart it, then it will set the
    Gateway properly.

    All other settings persist through reboot, except for the gateway.

    I have not found an error messages, and as mentioned, if it restart
    the networking, it works. Just on reboot, it does not set the gateway properly.

    If you are talking about connecting your client to your ISP, did it ever
    work as you expected? Did it stop working? After which changes did you
    make on your side?
    Your ISP or your local network might grant you a fixed IP address but
    they still might supply the address and the gateway via DHCP. In that
    case their DHCP database contains an association between the MAC address
    of your client hardware and the fixed IP which they send to you together
    with netmask and gateway.

    Did your MAC address change by any chance? E.g. change of hardware?


    thanks in advance.


    TA

    Have a nice day
    --
    Eike Lantzsch KY4PZ / ZP5CGE

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Michel Verdier@21:1/5 to Thomas Anderson on Fri Jan 24 17:10:01 2025
    On 2025-01-24, Thomas Anderson wrote:

    'ip a' shows the following
    'cat /etc/network/interfaces.d/*' shows

    Could you give us the result with CR. It's unreadable without, especially
    for commented lines.

    Perhaps give also
    ip r

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Thomas Anderson@21:1/5 to All on Fri Jan 24 16:20:01 2025
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
    Thanks for thorough reply.

    1. I am talking about basic network connection. I have an ip, so I can
    ping local machines, including the gateway router itself.

    'ip a' shows the following

    1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8
    scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128
    scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: enp27s0: mtu 1500
    qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether
    30:9c:23:b7:48:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.6/24 brd
    192.168.1.255 scope global noprefixroute enp27s0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::329c:23ff:feb7:488c/64 scope link
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    What is probably my problem is the noprefixroute?
    'cat /etc/network/interfaces.d/*' shows
    source /etc/network/interfaces.d/* # The loopback network interface auto
    lo iface lo inet loopback #allow-hotplug eth0 #iface eth0 inet dhcp
    #added these lines for network #auto enp27s0 #iface enp27s0 inet static
    # address 192.168.1.6 #static ip i want # netmask 255.255.255.0 #netmask
    # gateway 192.168.1.1 #my router # dns-nameservers 192.168.1.8 #my dns
    server
    I have commented out all the enps27s0 so that the NetworkManager can
    handle it. When, I uncomment them
    the results are the same, no gateway.
    I can manually add the route 'sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1'
    and this will add it (just like I have done
    in the network manager UI, but in both cases, i reboot without a gateway. thanks in advance..

    On 24/01/2025 13:03, Eike Lantzsch ZP5CGE / KY4PZ wrote:
    Hi Thomas,

    On Friday, 24 January 2025 08:35:44 GMT-4 Thomas Anderson wrote:
    Hello,

    I am using Debian 11, and no matter what I do, I repeated on each
    reboot, I will boot into a system with no gateway set (or rather, the
    "default route is 0.0.0.0," which naturally gives this device no
    internet connectivity.
    Are you talking about connecting to an internal network or are you
    talking about connecting to your ISP's network?
    If connecting to an internal network, do you have control over this
    network?

    I am using the NetworkManager, and have a static IP set.
    So you configured a static ip (4?) and did you also configure the netmask
    and gateway statically?
    Or are you expecting your host network (local or your ISP?) to send the appropiate gateway to your client?

    If I turn off the network, and restart it, then it will set the
    Gateway properly.

    All other settings persist through reboot, except for the gateway.

    I have not found an error messages, and as mentioned, if it restart
    the networking, it works. Just on reboot, it does not set the gateway
    properly.
    If you are talking about connecting your client to your ISP, did it ever
    work as you expected? Did it stop working? After which changes did you
    make on your side?
    Your ISP or your local network might grant you a fixed IP address but
    they still might supply the address and the gateway via DHCP. In that
    case their DHCP database contains an association between the MAC address
    of your client hardware and the fixed IP which they send to you together
    with netmask and gateway.

    Did your MAC address change by any chance? E.g. change of hardware?

    thanks in advance.
    TA
    Have a nice day
    --
    Eike Lantzsch KY4PZ / ZP5CGE



    <!DOCTYPE html>
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    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    </head>
    <body vlink="#551A8B" alink="#EE0000" link="#0B6CDA" text="#000000"
    bgcolor="#000000">
    <p>Thanks for thorough reply.</p>
    <p>1. I am talking about basic network connection. I have an ip, so
    I can ping local machines, including the gateway router itself.</p>
    <p>'ip a' shows the following</p>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: enp27s0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 30:9c:23:b7:48:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.6/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global noprefixroute enp27s0
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::329c:23ff:feb7:488c/64 scope link
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">What is probably my problem is the noprefixroute?</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">'cat /etc/network/interfaces.d/*' shows</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

    # The loopback network interface
    auto lo
    iface lo inet loopback
    #allow-hotplug eth0
    #iface eth0 inet dhcp

    #added these lines for network
    #auto enp27s0
    #iface enp27s0 inet static
    # address 192.168.1.6 #static ip i want
    # netmask 255.255.255.0 #netmask
    # gateway 192.168.1.1 #my router
    # dns-nameservers 192.168.1.8 #my dns server
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">I have commented out all the enps27s0 so that the NetworkManager can handle it. When, I uncomment them</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">the results are the same, no gateway.
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">I can manually add the route 'sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1' and this will add it (just like I have done</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">in the network manager UI, but in both cases, i reboot without a gateway.</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">thanks in advance..
    </div>
    <p></p>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 24/01/2025 13:03, Eike Lantzsch
    ZP5CGE / KY4PZ wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:4624996.LvFx2qVVIh@lxcl01">
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">Hi Thomas,

    On Friday, 24 January 2025 08:35:44 GMT-4 Thomas Anderson wrote:
    </pre>
    <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">Hello,

    I am using Debian 11, and no matter what I do, I repeated on each
    reboot, I will boot into a system with no gateway set (or rather, the
    "default route is 0.0.0.0," which naturally gives this device no
    internet connectivity.
    </pre>
    </blockquote>
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">
    Are you talking about connecting to an internal network or are you
    talking about connecting to your ISP's network?
    If connecting to an internal network, do you have control over this
    network?

    </pre>
    <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">
    I am using the NetworkManager, and have a static IP set.
    </pre>
    </blockquote>
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">
    So you configured a static ip (4?) and did you also configure the netmask
    and gateway statically?
    Or are you expecting your host network (local or your ISP?) to send the appropiate gateway to your client?

    </pre>
    <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">
    If I turn off the network, and restart it, then it will set the
    Gateway properly.

    All other settings persist through reboot, except for the gateway.

    I have not found an error messages, and as mentioned, if it restart
    the networking, it works. Just on reboot, it does not set the gateway
    properly.
    </pre>
    </blockquote>
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">
    If you are talking about connecting your client to your ISP, did it ever
    work as you expected? Did it stop working? After which changes did you
    make on your side?
    Your ISP or your local network might grant you a fixed IP address but
    they still might supply the address and the gateway via DHCP. In that
    case their DHCP database contains an association between the MAC address
    of your client hardware and the fixed IP which they send to you together
    with netmask and gateway.

    Did your MAC address change by any chance? E.g. change of hardware?

    </pre>
    <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">
    thanks in advance.
    </pre>
    </blockquote>
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">
    </pre>
    <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">
    TA
    </pre>
    </blockquote>
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">
    Have a nice day
    --
    Eike Lantzsch KY4PZ / ZP5CGE



    </pre>
    </blockquote>
    </body>
    </html>

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Joe@21:1/5 to Thomas Anderson on Fri Jan 24 17:30:02 2025
    On Fri, 24 Jan 2025 16:14:05 +0100
    Thomas Anderson <thomas.anderson@little-beak.com> wrote:

    Thanks for thorough reply.

    1. I am talking about basic network connection. I have an ip, so I
    can ping local machines, including the gateway router itself.

    'ip a' shows the following

    1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet
    127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2:
    enp27s0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 30:9c:23:b7:48:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet
    192.168.1.6/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global noprefixroute enp27s0
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6
    fe80::329c:23ff:feb7:488c/64 scope link valid_lft forever
    preferred_lft forever What is probably my problem is the
    noprefixroute? 'cat /etc/network/interfaces.d/*' shows
    source /etc/network/interfaces.d/* # The loopback network interface
    auto lo iface lo inet loopback #allow-hotplug eth0 #iface eth0 inet
    dhcp #added these lines for network #auto enp27s0 #iface enp27s0 inet
    static # address 192.168.1.6 #static ip i want # netmask
    255.255.255.0 #netmask # gateway 192.168.1.1 #my router #
    dns-nameservers 192.168.1.8 #my dns server
    I have commented out all the enps27s0 so that the NetworkManager can
    handle it. When, I uncomment them
    the results are the same, no gateway.
    I can manually add the route 'sudo ip route add default via
    192.168.1.1' and this will add it (just like I have done
    in the network manager UI, but in both cases, i reboot without a
    gateway. thanks in advance..


    In Network Manager, Edit Connections, choose the Ethernet entry as there
    is presumably no other, then settings.

    In the IPv4 tab, you will have Method as Manual, and there will be a
    table for Addresses below.

    You have your chosen static IP address, then the netmask, then the
    gateway. What is in the gateway box? Are the characters correct, no
    commas instead of full stops etc? I don't remember if NM will allow
    malformed addresses, but this problem has to be something simple.

    As I think others have said, if you are using a static address on a workstation, you would probably do better making the settings in /etc/interfaces in the old-fashioned way and not bothering with NM.

    NM is useful on a travelling laptop where wifi is often used and
    possibly VPNs. Having said that, I run NM on my workstation, but use
    DHCP with a reservation on the server to provide a static address. It's
    what Debian defaulted to, and it works, so I'm not fixing it.

    --
    Joe

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Thomas Anderson@21:1/5 to All on Fri Jan 24 17:20:01 2025
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
    Here is updated version with <CR>

    Thanks for thorough reply.

    1. I am talking about basic network connection. I have an ip, so I can
    ping local machines, including the gateway router itself.

    'ip a' <CR>

    1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8
    scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128
    scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: enp27s0: mtu 1500
    qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether
    30:9c:23:b7:48:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.6/24 brd
    192.168.1.255 scope global noprefixroute enp27s0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::329c:23ff:feb7:488c/64 scope link
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    What is probably my problem is the noprefixroute?
    'cat /etc/network/interfaces.d/*' <CR>
    source /etc/network/interfaces.d/* # The loopback network interface auto
    lo iface lo inet loopback #allow-hotplug eth0 #iface eth0 inet dhcp
    #added these lines for network #auto enp27s0 #iface enp27s0 inet static
    # address 192.168.1.6 #static ip i want # netmask 255.255.255.0 #netmask
    # gateway 192.168.1.1 #my router # dns-nameservers 192.168.1.8 #my dns
    server
    I have commented out all the enps27s0 so that the NetworkManager can
    handle it. When, I uncomment them
    the results are the same, no gateway.
    I can manually add the route 'sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1'
    and this will add it (just like I have done
    in the network manager UI, but in both cases, i reboot without a gateway. thanks in advance..
    On 24/01/2025 13:03, Eike Lantzsch ZP5CGE / KY4PZ wrote:
    Hi Thomas,

    On Friday, 24 January 2025 08:35:44 GMT-4 Thomas Anderson wrote:
    Hello,

    I am using Debian 11, and no matter what I do, I repeated on each
    reboot, I will boot into a system with no gateway set (or rather, the
    "default route is 0.0.0.0," which naturally gives this device no
    internet connectivity.
    Are you talking about connecting to an internal network or are you
    talking about connecting to your ISP's network?
    If connecting to an internal network, do you have control over this
    network?

    I am using the NetworkManager, and have a static IP set.
    So you configured a static ip (4?) and did you also configure the netmask
    and gateway statically?
    Or are you expecting your host network (local or your ISP?) to send the appropiate gateway to your client?

    If I turn off the network, and restart it, then it will set the
    Gateway properly.

    All other settings persist through reboot, except for the gateway.

    I have not found an error messages, and as mentioned, if it restart
    the networking, it works. Just on reboot, it does not set the gateway
    properly.
    If you are talking about connecting your client to your ISP, did it ever
    work as you expected? Did it stop working? After which changes did you
    make on your side?
    Your ISP or your local network might grant you a fixed IP address but
    they still might supply the address and the gateway via DHCP. In that
    case their DHCP database contains an association between the MAC address
    of your client hardware and the fixed IP which they send to you together
    with netmask and gateway.

    Did your MAC address change by any chance? E.g. change of hardware?

    thanks in advance.
    TA
    Have a nice day
    --
    Eike Lantzsch KY4PZ / ZP5CGE



    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>

    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    </head>
    <body bgcolor="#000000" text="#000000" link="#0B6CDA" alink="#EE0000"
    vlink="#551A8B">
    <div class="moz-forward-container">Here is updated version with
    &lt;CR&gt;<br>
    <br>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <p>Thanks for thorough reply.</p>
    <p>1. I am talking about basic network connection. I have an ip,
    so I can ping local machines, including the gateway router
    itself.</p>
    <p>'ip a' &lt;CR&gt;<br>
    </p>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: enp27s0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 30:9c:23:b7:48:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.6/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global noprefixroute enp27s0
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::329c:23ff:feb7:488c/64 scope link
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">What is probably my problem is the noprefixroute?</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">'cat /etc/network/interfaces.d/*' &lt;CR&gt;</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

    # The loopback network interface
    auto lo
    iface lo inet loopback
    #allow-hotplug eth0
    #iface eth0 inet dhcp

    #added these lines for network
    #auto enp27s0
    #iface enp27s0 inet static
    # address 192.168.1.6 #static ip i want
    # netmask 255.255.255.0 #netmask
    # gateway 192.168.1.1 #my router
    # dns-nameservers 192.168.1.8 #my dns server
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">I have commented out all the enps27s0 so that the NetworkManager can handle it. When, I uncomment them</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">the results are the same, no gateway.
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">I can manually add the route 'sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1' and this will add it (just like I have done</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">in the network manager UI, but in both cases, i reboot without a gateway.</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Consolas', monospace; white-space: pre">thanks in advance..
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 24/01/2025 13:03, Eike Lantzsch
    ZP5CGE / KY4PZ wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:4624996.LvFx2qVVIh@lxcl01">
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">Hi Thomas,

    On Friday, 24 January 2025 08:35:44 GMT-4 Thomas Anderson wrote:
    </pre>
    <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">Hello,

    I am using Debian 11, and no matter what I do, I repeated on each
    reboot, I will boot into a system with no gateway set (or rather, the
    "default route is 0.0.0.0," which naturally gives this device no
    internet connectivity.
    </pre>
    </blockquote>
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">Are you talking about connecting to an internal network or are you
    talking about connecting to your ISP's network?
    If connecting to an internal network, do you have control over this
    network?

    </pre>
    <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">I am using the NetworkManager, and have a static IP set.
    </pre>
    </blockquote>
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">So you configured a static ip (4?) and did you also configure the netmask
    and gateway statically?
    Or are you expecting your host network (local or your ISP?) to send the appropiate gateway to your client?

    </pre>
    <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">If I turn off the network, and restart it, then it will set the
    Gateway properly.

    All other settings persist through reboot, except for the gateway.

    I have not found an error messages, and as mentioned, if it restart
    the networking, it works. Just on reboot, it does not set the gateway
    properly.
    </pre>
    </blockquote>
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">If you are talking about connecting your client to your ISP, did it ever
    work as you expected? Did it stop working? After which changes did you
    make on your side?
    Your ISP or your local network might grant you a fixed IP address but
    they still might supply the address and the gateway via DHCP. In that
    case their DHCP database contains an association between the MAC address
    of your client hardware and the fixed IP which they send to you together
    with netmask and gateway.

    Did your MAC address change by any chance? E.g. change of hardware?

    </pre>
    <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">thanks in advance.
    </pre>
    </blockquote>
    <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">TA
    </pre>
    </blockquote>
    <pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">Have a nice day
    --
    Eike Lantzsch KY4PZ / ZP5CGE



    </pre>
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