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from https://apnews.com/article/china-far-side-of-moon-probe-samples-c2dd59505402c07f9382bbca14eed4cf

A Chinese lunar probe returns to Earth with the world’s first samples
from the far side of the moon
BY HUIZHONG WU
Updated 3:34 AM PDT, June 25, 2024
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BANGKOK (AP) — China’s Chang’e 6 probe returned on Earth with rock and soil samples from the little-explored far side of the moon in a global
first.

The probe landed in the Inner Mongolian region in northern China on
Tuesday afternoon.

“I now declare that the Chang’e 6 Lunar Exploration Mission achieved complete success,” Zhang Kejian, Director of the China National Space Administration, said in a televised news conference after the landing.

Chinese scientists anticipate the returned samples will include 2.5 million-year-old volcanic rock and other material that scientists hope
will answer questions about geographic differences on the moon’s two sides.

The near side is what is seen from Earth, and the far side faces outer
space. The far side is also known to have mountains and impact craters, contrasting with the relatively flat expanses visible on the near side.

The probe had landed in the moon’s South Pole-Aitken Basin, an impact
crater created more than 4 billion years ago. The samples scientists are expecting will likely come from different layers of the basin, which
will bear traces of the different geological events across its long
chronology, such as when the moon was younger and had an active inside
that could produce volcanic rock.

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While past U.S. and Soviet missions have collected samples from the
moon’s near side, the Chinese mission was the first that has collected samples from the far side.

“This is a global first in the sense that it’s the first time anyone has been able to take off from the far side of the moon and bring back
samples,” said Richard de Grijs, a professor of astrophysics at
Macquarie University in Australia.

The moon program is part of a growing rivalry with the U.S. — still the leader in space exploration — and others, including Japan and India.
China has put its own space station in orbit and regularly sends crews
there.

China’s leader Xi Jinping sent a message of congratulations to the
Chang’e team, saying that it was a “landmark achievement in our
country’s efforts at becoming a space and technological power.”

The probe left earth on May 3, and its journey lasted 53 days. The probe
has drilled into the core and scooped rocks from the surface.

The samples “are expected to answer one of the most fundamental
scientific questions in lunar science research: what geologic activity
is responsible for the differences between the two sides?” said Zongyu
Yue, a geologist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in a statement
issued in the Innovation Monday, a journal published in partnership with
the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

China in recent years has launched multiple successful missions to the
moon, collecting samples from the moon’s near side with the Chang’e 5
probe previously.

They are also hoping that the probe will return with material that bear
traces of meteorite strikes from the moon’s past. That material could
shed light on the solar system’s early days. There’s a theory that the
moon acted as a vaccum cleaner of sorts, attracting all the meteorites
and debris in the system’s earlier era so that they didn’t hit Earth,
said de Grijs, who is also executive director at the International Space Science Institute — Beijing.

China has said it plans to share the samples with international
scientists, although it did not say exactly in which countries.

___
AP video producer Olivia Zhang contributed to this report.

HUIZHONG WU
China correspondent based in Taiwan
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