littor...@gmail.com wrote:

Op maandag 23 augustus 2021 om 06:37:29 UTC+2 schreef Primum Sapienti:

Headstrong Hominids
The mysterious skulls of Java man and Peking man
may have evolved because males were
clubbing each other in fights.

Only complete idiots believe that H.erectus was an exception:

all pachy-osteo-sclerotic tetrapods are slow shallow-diving,
but only complety idiots are convinced H.erectus clubbed each other on the head & ran after kudus...

:-DDD

Nothing mysterious.
Simple biology.

Stone tools = shellfish
Big brain = seafood = DHA
SC fat = (semi)aquatic mammals
Fur loss = (semi)aquatic mammals
Flat feet = wading or swimming
Etc.Etc.

Google
"coastal dispersal Pleistocene Homo PPT"

Google "no snorkel noses"

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Op woensdag 1 september 2021 om 08:12:24 UTC+2 schreef Primum Sapienti:

Google "no snorkel noses"

Only complete idiots still believe we evolved external noses to run after antelopes:

OI, BIG NOSE !
New Scientist 2782 p 69 Lastword 16 October 2010

Why do humans evolve external noses that don’t seem to serve any useful purpose – our smelling sensors are inside the head. Our nose is vulnerable to damage, and the majority of primates and other mammals manage with relatively flat faces.
Traditional explanations are that the nose protects against dry air, hot air, cold air, dusty air, whatever air, but most savannah mammals have no external noses, and polar animals such as arctic foxes or hares tend to evolve shorter extremities
including flatter noses (Allen’s Rule), not larger as the Neanderthal protruding nose.

The answer isn’t so difficult if we simply consider humans like other mammals.

An external nose is seen in elephant seals, hooded seals, tapirs, elephants, swine and, among primates, in the mangrove-dwelling proboscis monkeys. Various, often mutually compatible functions, have been proposed, such as sexual display (in male hooded
and elephant seals or proboscis monkeys), manipulation of food (in elephants, tapirs and swine), a snorkel (elephants, proboscis monkeys) and as a nose-closing aid during diving (in most of these animals). These mammals spend a lot of time at the margins
of land and water. Possible functions of an external nose in creatures evolving into aquatic ones are obvious and match those listed above in many cases. They can initially act as a nose closure, a snorkel, to keep water out, to dig in wet soil for food,
and so on. Afterwards, these external noses can also become co-opted for other functions, such as sexual display (visual as well as auditory) in hooded and elephant seals and proboscis monkeys.

But what does this have to do with human evolution?

The earliest known Homo fossils outside Africa – such as those at Mojokerto in Java and Dmanisi in Georgia – are about 1.8 million years old. The easiest way for them to have spread to other continents, and to islands such as Java, is along the
coasts, and from there inland along rivers. During the glacial periods of the Pleistocene – the ice age cycles that ran from about 1.8 million to 12,000 years ago – most coasts were about 100 metres below the present-day sea level, so we don’t know
whether or when Homo populations lived there. But coasts and riversides are full of shellfish and other foods that are easily collected and digested by smart, handy and tool-using “apes”, and are rich in potential brain-boosting nutrients such as
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

If Pleistocene Homo spread along the coasts, beachcombing, wading and diving for seafoods as Polynesian islanders still do, this could explain why Homo erectus evolved larger brains (aided by DHA) and larger noses (because of their part-time diving).
This littoral intermezzo could help to explain not only why we like to have our holidays at tropical beaches, eating shrimps and coconuts, but also why we became fat and furless bipeds with long legs, flat feet, large brains and big noses.

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littor...@gmail.com wrote:

Op woensdag 1 september 2021 om 08:12:24 UTC+2 schreef Primum Sapienti:

Google "no snorkel noses"

Only complete idiots still believe we evolved external noses to run after antelopes:

OI, BIG NOSE !

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/21245757_Aquatic_Ape_Theory_and_fossil_hominids
AQUATIC APE THEORY AND FOSSIL HOMINIDS
M. J. B. VERHAEGEN Medical Hypotheses 35: 108-114 (1991)

"In a Neandertal swimming on his back, the large nose with distal nostrils
and the
protruding midface surrounded by large air sinuses functioned as a snorkel."

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AQUATIC APE THEORY AND FOSSIL HOMINIDS
MJB VERHAEGEN Medical Hypotheses 35: 108-114 (1991)
"In a Neandertal swimming on his back, the large nose with distal nostrils and the
protruding midface surrounded by large air sinuses functioned as a snorkel."

Yes, obvious:
only complete idiots still believe we evolved external noses to run after antelopes:

OI, BIG NOSE !
New Scientist 2782 p 69 Lastword 16 October 2010

Why do humans evolve external noses that don’t seem to serve any useful purpose – our smelling sensors are inside the head.
Our nose is vulnerable to damage, and the majority of primates and other mammals manage with relatively flat faces. Traditional explanations are that the nose protects against dry air, hot air, cold air, dusty air, whatever air,
but most savannah mammals have no external noses,
and polar animals such as arctic foxes or hares tend to evolve shorter extremities including flatter noses (Allen’s Rule), not larger as the Neanderthal protruding nose.

The answer isn’t so difficult if we simply consider humans like other mammals.

An external nose is seen in elephant seals, hooded seals, tapirs, elephants, swine and, among primates, in the mangrove-dwelling proboscis monkeys.
Various, often mutually compatible functions, have been proposed, such as
- sexual display (in male hooded and elephant seals or proboscis monkeys),
- manipulation of food (in elephants, tapirs and swine),
- a snorkel (elephants, proboscis monkeys),
- a nose-closing aid during diving (in most of these animals).
These mammals spend a lot of time at the margins of land and water.
Possible functions of an external nose in creatures evolving into aquatic ones are obvious, and match those listed above in many cases.
-They can initially act as a nose closure, a snorkel, to keep water out, to dig in wet soil for food, and so on.
-Afterwards, these external noses can also become co-opted for other functions, such as sexual display (visual as well as auditory) in hooded and elephant seals and proboscis monkeys.

But what does this have to do with human evolution?

The earliest known Homo fossils outside Africa – such as those at Mojokerto in Java and Dmanisi in Georgia – are about 1.8 million years old.
The easiest way for them to have spread to other continents, and to islands such as Java, is along the coasts, and from there inland along rivers.
During the glacial periods of the Pleistocene – the ice age cycles that ran from about 1.8 million to 12,000 years ago – most coasts were about 100 metres below the present-day sea level,
so we don’t know whether or when Homo populations lived there.
But coasts and riversides are full of shellfish and other foods that are easily collected and digested by smart, handy and tool-using “apes”, and are rich in potential brain-boosting nutrients such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

If Pleistocene Homo spread along the coasts, beachcombing, wading and diving for seafoods as Polynesian islanders still do, this could explain why Homo erectus evolved larger brains (aided by DHA) and larger noses (because of their part-time diving).
This littoral intermezzo could help to explain not only why we like to have our holidays at tropical beaches, eating shrimps and coconuts, but also why we became fat and furless bipeds with long legs, flat feet, large brains and big noses.


IOW,
only complete idiots still believe we evolved external noses to run after antelopes:

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There are two types of mysteries in life:

#1. How did this happen?

#2. Which answer amongst the eight zillion we can think
of is the right one?

In the first we don't know HOW something might happen. In
the latter we can think of lots of ways to bring it about, and
we just don't know which amongst all those possibilities is
the right answer here.

This is an example of the second type of mystery...


Primum Sapienti wrote:

Abstract
Extremely thick cranial vaults have been noted as a diagnostic
characteristic of Homo
erectus since the first fossil of the species was identified, but
relatively little work has
been done on elucidating its etiology or variation across fossils, living humans, or
extant non-human primates. Cranial vault thickness (CVT) is not a
monolithic trait,
and the responsiveness of its layers to environmental stimuli is unknown.

Change your perspective ever so slightly. Look at the effect.

Erectus had a larger skull. Larger skulls are selected for in nature -- note the crest:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranthropus_aethiopicus

It is possible that as brains grew and the surface area for muscle attachments were no longer necessary, the skulls might grow thicker in order to maintain
a large skull size.

...or the skull thickness grew as intelligence gained importance, sort of a "Easy" way to advertise big brains without having to actually grow one.

Doesn't matter WHY a larger skull was beneficial, the point is that any sort of advantage to a larger skull could drive thickness.

One might argue that this fits right in with the aquatic ape model:

Populations would have been constantly pushing inland -- in response to
natural disasters, "Red Tide," interglacials, limited resources (etc) -- and maybe once they did so their brain building Omega-3s got scarce. But,
having stemmed from the aquatic/coastal population in the first place,
where brains could grow to their genetic limits, "Intelligence" was an important trait often selected for. So, unable to grow their brains bigger
they grew the bones bigger...

Evolution is not Intelligent Design. You don't get to cherry pick the best
of most logical solution. If you have the genetic diversity for a given solution, it doesn't matter how much better a different solution might be,
it ain't going to arise without the DNA to do it.





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https://jtem.tumblr.com/post/661419355399159809

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, unable to grow their brains bigger
they grew the bones bigger...

:-DDDD

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littor...@gmail.com wrote:

, unable to grow their brains bigger
they grew the bones bigger...

:-DDDD

It's actually very logical, which is the one flaw here (evolution isn't logic)...

If size confers any type of advantage, there is selective pressure
to produce larger skulls.

Size is a defense. The first bit of advice they give you, in the case
where you encounter a large cat in the wild, is to try and look as
large as you can.

Size intimidates an opponent. Even in so called modern man,
those Abraham Lincoln "Stovepipe" hats? They are meant to make
the wearer more imposing. And those tall, I believe bearskin hats
of the Napoleonic era?

http://napoleonistyka.atspace.com/Napoleon_and_Old_Guard.jpg

They were literally intended to make your enemy see a wave of
7-foot tall men (or larger) coming at them.

Sorry, it is how the human brain works...

AND THEN there's aquatic ape! If intelligence, larger brains were
being selected for, and you lost your source for brain-building
Omega-3s, then you needed some other way to attract mates.

Yes, could also just be inbreeding, maybe a founder effect.

Or maybe they never got thin in the first place! Lots of primates
have thick skulls. And as we are speaking of evolution and not
Intelligent Design, nobody was picking features from a menu.

...nobody was saying, "While i don't need this anymore, so it's
gone!"

My point here is that this is the wrong kind of mystery. It's not a
case where we have no idea how this might happen, it's a case
where we could speculate all day, coming up with different
plausible reasons, but we just don't know which one(s) it is.

And we never will. One may grow in popularity over all the others
but it'll never be anything more than popular speculation.




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, unable to grow their brains bigger
they grew the bones bigger...

:-DDDD

It's actually very logical, which is the one flaw here (evolution isn't logic)...

:-DDDDD

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littor...@gmail.com wrote:

:-DDDDD

I would normally expect such inarticulate, um, "Brevity" from one of
the other handles.





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https://jtem.tumblr.com/post/661961237348892672

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Only in Africa
The Ecology of Human Evolution
Norman Owen-Smith (Univ.Witwatersrand Jo'burg)
October 2021 £ 70 hardback

That humans originated from Africa is well-known.
However, this is widely regarded as a chance outcome, dependant simply on where our common ancestor shared the land with where the great apes lived.
This volume builds on from the 'Out of Africa' theory,
it takes the view that it is only in Africa that the evolutionary transitions from a forest-inhabiting frugivore to savanna-dwelling meat-eater could have occurred.
This book argues that the ecological circumstances that shaped these transitions are exclusive to Africa.
It describes distinctive features of the ecology of Africa, with emphasis on savanna grasslands,
it relates them to the evolutionary transitions linking early ape-men to modern humans.
It shows how physical features of the continent (esp. those derived from plate tectonics) set the foundations.
This volume adequately conveys that we are here because of the distinctive features of the ecology of Africa.


Reviews & endorsements:
'... the book is exceptionally well written, and very recommendable as a foundational introduction to modern Africa savanna ecology for a readership ranging from undergraduates to professional researchers in paleoanthropology.'

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On Sunday, May 29, 2022 at 7:28:59 AM UTC-4, littor...@gmail.com wrote:

Only in Africa
The Ecology of Human Evolution
Norman Owen-Smith (Univ.Witwatersrand Jo'burg)
October 2021 £ 70 hardback

That humans originated from Africa is well-known.
However, this is widely regarded as a chance outcome, dependant simply on where our common ancestor shared the land with where the great apes lived.
This volume builds on from the 'Out of Africa' theory,
it takes the view that it is only in Africa that the evolutionary transitions from a forest-inhabiting frugivore to savanna-dwelling meat-eater could have occurred.
This book argues that the ecological circumstances that shaped these transitions are exclusive to Africa.
It describes distinctive features of the ecology of Africa, with emphasis on savanna grasslands,
it relates them to the evolutionary transitions linking early ape-men to modern humans.
It shows how physical features of the continent (esp. those derived from plate tectonics) set the foundations.
This volume adequately conveys that we are here because of the distinctive features of the ecology of Africa.

Reviews & endorsements:
'... the book is exceptionally well written, and very recommendable as a foundational introduction to modern Africa savanna ecology for a readership ranging from undergraduates to professional researchers in paleoanthropology.'

Southern Africa claimed to be the Cradle of Humanity, but actually the cradle was carried around the world in the form of domeshields / foraging baskets / coracles, which were *portable* arboreal ape bowl nests evolved into shelters.

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Op zondag 29 mei 2022 om 14:52:54 UTC+2 schreef DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves:

Southern Africa claimed to be the Cradle of Humanity, but actually the cradle was carried around the world in the form of domeshields / foraging baskets / coracles, which were *portable* arboreal ape bowl nests evolved into shelters.

:-DDD

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On Monday, May 30, 2022 at 10:14:01 AM UTC-4, littor...@gmail.com wrote:

Op zondag 29 mei 2022 om 14:52:54 UTC+2 schreef DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves:

Southern Africa claimed to be the Cradle of Humanity, but actually the cradle was carried around the world in the form of domeshields / foraging baskets / coracles, which were *portable* arboreal ape bowl nests evolved into shelters.

:-DDD

Walking upright while carrying.

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Op dinsdag 31 mei 2022 om 04:22:04 UTC+2 schreef DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves:

...

Southern Africa claimed to be the Cradle of Humanity, but actually the cradle was carried around the world in the form of domeshields / foraging baskets / coracles, which were *portable* arboreal ape bowl nests evolved into shelters.

:-DDD

Walking upright while carrying.

Yes, my boy, this is late-Pleistocene.

It's not difficult, even for you:
(brain size CC, para-nasal sinuses PNSs, pachosteosclerosis POS):
-erectus POS++ PNSs- CC+
-neand. POS+ PNSs++ CC+++
-sapiens POS- PNSs+ CC++
IOW:
-erectus shallow-diving coastal (salt water)
-neand. diving+wading (seasonally Rhine, Meuse...)
-sapiens wading+walking, +-no diving any more.
Everything we know confirms this.

Only incredible imbeciles believe their ancestors ran after kudus.

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Op woensdag 1 juni 2022 om 11:10:52 UTC+2 schreef littor...@gmail.com:

Op dinsdag 31 mei 2022 om 04:22:04 UTC+2 schreef DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves:

...

Southern Africa claimed to be the Cradle of Humanity, but actually the cradle was carried around the world in the form of domeshields / foraging baskets / coracles, which were *portable* arboreal ape bowl nests evolved into shelters.

:-DDD

Walking upright while carrying.

Yes, my boy, this is late-Pleistocene.

It's not difficult, even for you:
(brain size CC, para-nasal sinuses PNSs, pachosteosclerosis POS):
-erectus POS++ PNSs- CC+
-neand. POS+ PNSs++ CC+++
-sapiens POS- PNSs+ CC++

IOW:

-erectus shallow-diving coastal (salt water)
-neand. diving+wading (seasonally Rhine, Meuse...)
-sapiens wading+walking, +-no diving any more.

Everything we know confirms this.

I meant:
Everything else we know confirms this,
e.g. Hs (vs Hn & He):
- foramen magnum less dorsal on skull base (= more upright),
- loss of platycephaly (= loss of diving),
- smaller external nose (apertura piriformis) (id.),
- longer legs,
- less platypelloidy & less flaring ilia (more vertical femoral necks)
- etc.etc.etc.

Only incredible imbeciles believe their Pleistocene ancestors ran after kudus.

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On Friday, June 3, 2022 at 6:54:18 AM UTC-4, littor...@gmail.com wrote:

Op woensdag 1 juni 2022 om 11:10:52 UTC+2 schreef littor...@gmail.com:

Op dinsdag 31 mei 2022 om 04:22:04 UTC+2 schreef DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves:

...

Southern Africa claimed to be the Cradle of Humanity, but actually the cradle was carried around the world in the form of domeshields / foraging baskets / coracles, which were *portable* arboreal ape bowl nests evolved into shelters.

:-DDD

Walking upright while carrying.

Yes, my boy, this is late-Pleistocene.

It's not difficult, even for you:
(brain size CC, para-nasal sinuses PNSs, pachosteosclerosis POS):
-erectus POS++ PNSs- CC+
-neand. POS+ PNSs++ CC+++
-sapiens POS- PNSs+ CC++

IOW:

-erectus shallow-diving coastal (salt water)
-neand. diving+wading (seasonally Rhine, Meuse...)
-sapiens wading+walking, +-no diving any more.

Everything we know confirms this.

I meant:
Everything else we know confirms this,
e.g. Hs (vs Hn & He):
- foramen magnum less dorsal on skull base (= more upright),
- loss of platycephaly (= loss of diving),
- smaller external nose (apertura piriformis) (id.),
- longer legs,
- less platypelloidy & less flaring ilia (more vertical femoral necks)
- etc.etc.etc.

Only incredible imbeciles believe their Pleistocene ancestors ran after kudus.

All hominoids and spider monkeys walk upright while carrying items, eg. eggs, sticks.

Humans always carry(ied) tools (silica: flint flakes, silicon cell phones) & arboreal-derived shelters/clothing while walking upright.

Only daydreaming mermaids believe their Pleistocene ancestors slept in water!

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DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves wrote:

Only daydreaming mermaids believe their Pleistocene ancestors slept in water!

Entirely possible that they did, though it's not necessary and you'd have to functionally retarded to not see that...

Whether they slept on a beach above the high tide mark or slept floating on the water or slept in custom built bunk beds... doesn't matter. EVERYONE agrees that they were living along the coast. EVERYONE agrees that it's the route they took, the way they spread across the globe. Even the Out of Africa purists agree
with it. So the only thing that matters here is WHEN it started and WHY it started.

I don't personally believe that even the "Where" matters...

I think of "Where" in terms of an environment, not GPS coordinates.

If you can't grasp this, you have no business discussing the topic and thus are likely to hold advanced degrees on paleo anthropology... all of them together amounting to a fist full of glorified toilet paper.






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https://uapro.tumblr.com/post/686048848904388608/glitches-in-the-matrix

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On Friday, June 3, 2022 at 12:27:14 PM UTC-4, I Envy JTEM wrote:

DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves wrote:

Only daydreaming mermaids believe their Pleistocene ancestors slept in water!

Entirely possible that they did not see that...

Whether they slept under a beach above the high tide mark or slept floating PNS and sinking POS on the
water or slept in custom built bunk beds like mine.. doesn't matter. EVERYONE in my bedroom agrees
that they were living along the coast. EVERYONE in my bedroom agrees that it's the route they
took, the way they spread across the globe. Jermy disease pandemic! Even the Out of Africa purists agree
with it in my imagination. So the only thing that matters here is WHEN it never started and WHY it never started.

[Fixed it for you. Thank me later.]

I don't personally believe that even the "Where" matters... Mt Everest perhaps. The black lagoon?

I think of "Where" in terms of an environment, not GPS coordinates.

If you can't grasp this, you have no business discussing the topic and thus are
likely to hold advanced degrees on paleo anthropology... all of them together amounting to a fist full of glorified toilet paper.

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https://uapro.tumblr.com/post/686048848904388608/monkeys are from america apes are from the ocean!1!!

:D

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On Friday, June 3, 2022 at 12:27:14 PM UTC-4, I Envy JTEM wrote:

Whether they slept under a beach above the high tide mark or slept floating PNS and sinking POS on the
water or slept in custom built bunk beds like mine.. doesn't matter. EVERYONE in my bedroom agrees
that they were living along the coast. EVERYONE in my bedroom agrees that it's the route they
took, the way they spread across the globe. Jermy disease pandemic! Even the Out of Africa purists agree
with it in my imagination. So the only thing that matters here is WHEN it never started and WHY it never started.
If you can't grasp this, you have no business discussing the topic and thus are
likely to hold advanced degrees on paleo anthropology... all of them together
amounting to a fist full of glorified toilet paper.

Yes, it's incredible how stupid so many PAs remain: half a century after Hardy, still running after kudus... :-DDD

But yes, it's true that Hardy cs didn't know when & where "it" happened.
I think we now +-know. :-)

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On Saturday, June 4, 2022 at 5:26:54 AM UTC-4, littor...@gmail.com wrote:

On Friday, June 3, 2022 at 12:27:14 PM UTC-4, I Envy JTEM wrote:

Whether they slept under a beach above the high tide mark or slept floating PNS and sinking POS on the
water or slept in custom built bunk beds like mine.. doesn't matter. EVERYONE in my bedroom agrees
that they were living along the coast. EVERYONE in my bedroom agrees that it's the route they
took, the way they spread across the globe. Jermy disease pandemic! Even the Out of Africa purists agree
with it in my imagination. So the only thing that matters here is WHEN it never started and WHY it never started.
If you can't grasp this, you have no business discussing the topic and thus are
likely to hold advanced degrees on paleo anthropology... all of them together
amounting to a fist full of glorified toilet paper.

Yes, it's incredible how stupid so many PAs remain: half a century after Hardy, still running after kudus... :-DDD

But yes, it's true that Hardy cs didn't know when & where "it" happened.
I think we now +-know. :-)

Sea as barrier to gene flow...
Neanderthal had no seafood in diet
Kudu fish trap? Big nosed saiga divers?
???
Wear your mask, jermy pandemic contagious!!!

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Op zaterdag 4 juni 2022 om 15:18:59 UTC+2 schreef DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves:

Neanderthal had no seafood in diet

Ridiculous liar:
C + N isotopes show they almost exclusively ate aquatic foods, but more freshwater than marine foods.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323832499_Coastal_Dispersal_of_Pleistocene_Homo
p.24

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DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves wrote:

On Monday, May 30, 2022 at 10:14:01 AM UTC-4, littor...@gmail.com wrote:

Op zondag 29 mei 2022 om 14:52:54 UTC+2 schreef DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves:

Southern Africa claimed to be the Cradle of Humanity, but actually the cradle was carried around the world in the form of domeshields / foraging baskets / coracles, which were *portable* arboreal ape bowl nests evolved into shelters.

:-DDD

Walking upright while carrying.

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DIrasWBUQAAUDhh?format=jpg&name=small

Two infants and carrying food.

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DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves wrote:

I want to drink a cup of your saliva. And I just wiped my
bum on a Domeshield. Splinters, "Ouch." Will you pull
them out for me?

Thanks for sharing but I think I'll pass on the honor.





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https://jtem.tumblr.com/post/686507620949966848

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DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves wrote:

Neanderthal had no seafood in diet

https://groups.google.com/g/sci.anthropology.paleo/c/IvmtIXdGtUo/m/7bRI3xcHBQAJ

https://groups.google.com/g/sci.anthropology.paleo/c/pvTbBU-5bnY/m/ieZcyX0KBQAJ




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https://jtem.tumblr.com/post/686507620949966848

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