https://news.berkeley.edu/2024/12/12/a-new-timeline-for-neanderthal-interbreeding-with-modern-humans/
A new analysis of DNA from ancient modern
humans (Homo sapiens) in Europe and Asia
has determined, more precisely than ever,
the time period during which Neanderthals
interbred with modern humans, starting about
50,500 years ago and lasting about
7,000 years — until Neanderthals began to
disappear.
That interbreeding left Eurasians with many
genes inherited from our Neanderthal
ancestors, which in total make up between
1% and 2% of our genomes today.
A more precise timeline for modern human
interactions with Neanderthals can help
scientists understand when humans
emigrated out of Africa and peopled the
globe, while understanding the DNA that
Neanderthals shared with our ancestors
provides information on the role Neanderthal
genes play in human health.
The genome-based estimate is consistent with
archeological evidence that modern humans and
Neanderthals lived side-by-side in Eurasia for
between 6,000 and 7,000 years. The analysis,
which involved present-day human genomes as
well as 58 ancient genomes sequenced from DNA
found in modern human bones from around Eurasia,
found an average date for Neanderthal-Homo s
apiens interbreeding of about 47,000 years ago.
Previous estimates for the time of interbreeding
ranged from 54,000 to 41,000 years ago.
The new dates also imply that the initial
migration of modern humans from Africa into
Eurasia was basically over 43,500 years ago.
...
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq3010
Neanderthal ancestry through time: Insights from
genomes of ancient and present-day humans
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08420-x
Earliest modern human genomes constrain timing
of Neanderthal admixture
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