In terms of solar system research back in the era of Copernicus, a hypothesis was a judgment made using the Ptolemaic framework.
http://astro.dur.ac.uk/~ams/users/sun_ecliptic.gif
"Moreover, we see the other five planets also retrograde at times, and stationary at either end [of the regression]. And whereas the sun always advances along its own direct path, they wander in various ways, sometimes straying to the south and sometimes to the north; that is why they are called "planets" [wanderers].
Copernicus
It would normally be plain to see why the issue of hypothesis and truth would have emerged as an issue around the time of Galileo because observations were still based on the background stars in terms of the motion of the Sun through the constellations,
Zodiac or birth signs while the planets wandered North and South of the line (the ecliptic plane) dictated by the Sun's motion-
"When the ordinary man hears that the Church told Galileo that he might teach Copernicanism as a hypothesis which saved all the celestial phenomena satisfactorily, but "not as being the truth," he laughs. But this was really how Ptolemaic astronomy had
been taught! In its actual place in history, it was not a casuistical quibble; it was the refusal (unjustified it may be) to allow the introduction of a new and momentous doctrine. " Barfield 1957
Nowadays, with direct observations of the central Sun, the inner solar system and the background for the motions of all planets, there is little need to appeal to hypotheses in astronomical matters as observers can interpret the solar system with its
planetary motions and structure directly-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7kL-kf2uZg
An experimental hypothesis is an indulgence without a framework, at least in astronomical affairs, more like an opinion or guess with little in common with the original meaning.
". . . although they have extracted from them the apparent motions,
with numerical agreement, nevertheless . . . . They are just like
someone including in a picture hands, feet, head, and other limbs from different places, well painted indeed, but not modelled from the same
body, and not in the least matching each other so that a monster
would be produced from them rather than a man. Thus in the process of
their demonstrations, which they call their system, they are found
either to have missed out on something essential or to have brought in something inappropriate and wholly irrelevant, which would not have
happened to them if they had followed proper principles. For if the
hypotheses which they assumed had not been fallacies, everything which
follows from them could be independently verified." Copernicus De Revolutionibus, 1543
This is not an attack, and I want researchers to succeed without having the chain of mathematical theorists dominating the solar system and Universal research.
--- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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