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Book Information
In a universe filled by chaos and disorder, one physicist makes the radical argument that the growth of order drives the passage of time -- and shapes the destiny of the universe. Time is among the universe's greatest mysteries. Why, when most laws of
physics allow for it to flow forward and backward, does it only go forward? Physicists have long appealed to the second law of thermodynamics, held to predict the increase of disorder in the universe, to explain this. In The Janus Point, physicist Julian
Barbour argues that the second law has been misapplied and that the growth of order determines how we experience time. In his view, the big bang becomes the "Janus point," a moment of minimal order from which time could flow, and order increase, in two
directions. The Janus Point has remarkable implications: while most physicists predict that the universe will become mired in disorder, Barbour sees the possibility that order -- the stuff of life -- can grow without bound. A major new work of physics,
The Janus Point will transform our understanding of the nature of existence.

Book ID Asin: B083JZDRJ3
Book Title: The Janus Point: A New Theory of Time
Book Author: Julian Barbour
Book Format and Price:
Book Format Name: Kindle
Book Format Price: $18.99
Book Format Name: Audiobook
Book Format Price: $0.00
Book Format Name: Hardcover
Book Format Price: $23.26
Book Format Name: Paperback
Book Format Price: from$30.22
Book Format Name: AudioCD
Book Format Price: $10.28
Book Price: unknown
Book Category: Kindle Store, Kindle eBooks, Science & Math and unknown
Book Rating: 175 ratings
Book Product Detail
ASIN ‏ : ‎ B083JZDRJ3
Publisher ‏ : ‎ Basic Books (December 1, 2020)
Publication date ‏ : ‎ December 1, 2020
Language ‏ : ‎ English
File size ‏ : ‎ 13723 KB
Text-to-Speech ‏ : ‎ Enabled
Screen Reader ‏ : ‎ Supported
Enhanced typesetting ‏ : ‎ Enabled
X-Ray ‏ : ‎ Not Enabled
Word Wise ‏ : ‎ Enabled
Sticky notes ‏ : ‎ On Kindle Scribe
Print length ‏ : ‎ 401 pages
Page numbers source ISBN ‏ : ‎ 0465095461
Best Sellers Rank: #1,274,213 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
#95 in Thermodynamics (Kindle Store)
#100 in Physics of Entropy
#129 in Physics of Time (Kindle Store)
Customer Reviews:
4.1 out of 5 stars 175 ratings
unknown
Book Review
Name: Ken Goudsward
Rating: 3.0 out of 5 stars
Title: Important ideas
Date: Reviewed in the United States on April 6, 2022
Review: I am struggling a bit with this book. I know that the ideas are important. I WILL FINISH it! But, its kind of a drag and the author comes off a bit too "ivy league", as though he only ever has discussions with pretentious PHDs and has forgotten
how to speak normally. Anyway, I am looking forward to gathering my energy and circling back to this book.

Name: rhinopete
Rating: 5.0 out of 5 stars
Title: A Tough Read Even for a PhD
Date: Reviewed in the United States on April 9, 2021
Review: I'm not finished yet!

Name: John Anderson
Rating: 2.0 out of 5 stars
Title: The Janus Point is over my head anyway you look at it.
Date: Reviewed in the United States on June 1, 2022
Review: Julian Barbour totally lost me. It seemed like a faculty lounge physics discussion with a lot of hand waving. Is there a new Lagrangian or Euler's equations for doing mechanics differently? Do a worked example, perhaps. I can't make myself read
this again. So I'll go chew on a couple of Paul Nahin's books that have equations and explanations I can follow.

Name: John McIntyre
Rating: 5.0 out of 5 stars
Title: Shape Space and the Structure of the Universe
Date: Reviewed in the United States on March 30, 2021
Review: The general theme of this book is to ask the question, “What is responsible for complexity we see about us in the universe”?

The conventional answer to this question is that we have General relativity and Quantum mechanics and when we model particles in a closed subsystem then entropy will remain the same or increase overall. However, it is possible, like on earth, special
conditions arise that make it feasible that some structures, either directly or indirectly, take in Free Energy from a low entropy source so that work is performed on parts of that structure (negative entropy leading to complexity) while still as a whole
even more entropy is discarded into the subsystem, thereby increasing the overall entropy in the process as per the second law of thermodynamics. These structures are called dissipative structures.

Barbour points out the following difficulties with this conventional answer.

- As Penrose has so elegantly described as we move further and further into the past the state of the
arrangement of particles must get more and more special until we arrive at a time just after the big bang
when the state of the universe was mindboggling special with an extremely low entropy. The chances of this
state, which is necessarily required for the argument, is 10 to the power of 121.

- The Universe can not be modelled as a closed system. By definition there is nothing outside the Universe.

- The Universe is expanding whereas all conventional thermodynamics modelling is performed on closed
subsystems of the universe.

- Today’s science still clings to the notions of distance and time. This started out with Galileo’s relative motions
and then with Newtons absolute space and time. Later Einstein introduced inertial frames “but without
reference to the Universe at large. Each motion described using an inertial frame is a piece of mosaic, but
not fitted into the universe at large.”

Barbour’s proposal to overcome these difficulties.

First we must sweep out the chaff that complicate the current science and concentrate only on those things that can be measured within the Universe as a whole. This does away with scale (distances) and time.

Instead Barbour initially starts out with Newton but without his absolute space and time. We use the dimensionless ratio of masses instead of mass.

He describes Newtons N-body problem. The 3-Body problem is the simplest and it generally can be shown that characteristics of N-Body problem (eg the Universe) can be reduced down to a 3- body problem.
Lagrange in a paper in 1772 came up with a qualitative mathematical result for the N-body problem. He averaged the distances between all the weighted masses to get a root-mean-square length measure of the system. Similar to calculating a least squared
regression line for spread out points on a graph (except this takes in the mass distribution as well).

For the 3-Body problem Lagrange proved that L (rms) has a point of minimum size (Janus point) and points away from this minimum size which grows to infinity in both directions.
If we think of time as the sequence of points away from the Janus point then time flows in two opposite directions from the Janus point.

He proved that 3 particle masses with a non-negative total energy will always breakup into a Kepler pair (orbiting their common centre of mass) and a singleton ejected away to infinity. This is time reversable so that the three, Kepler pair and the
singleton, come together to a minimal size (Janus point) where motions become chaotic and pass through the Janus (minimal point) and onto the other side of the Janus point.

Barbour then looks at a scale invariant measure for complexity of structure. A uniform distribution of particles has a low complexity. He defines another measure of the distribution of point masses - the ‘mean harmonic length’. He divides the L (rms)
by L (mhs) to get a dimensionless measure of the distribution and its shape complexity. A fundamental quantity that increases away from the Janus point.

Hence for any N-body problem we can create a shape space for all the possible distributions of the masses.

I personally find it difficult to connect this fundamental quantity of complexity with the more conventional understanding of complexity as described in “The Engine of Complexity” by John E Mayfield.

A special shape space is when at the Janus point all particles come to the overall centre of mass. (as per an Einsteinian universe). Here the Janus point reduces to zero size. Here there is no longer just two sides of the Janus point but infinitely many.
We have a Newtonian “total explosion” at Alpha. Infinitely many different possible evolutions arise each with its own creation measure. What if any determines the particular universe? One possible answer - “If it was not for the inordinate amount
of structure that has been created about us in the universe, then we would not be here to witness it????”

Barbour’s quantum considerations to the Newtonian N-body problem.

Barbour argues that the history of a classical universe “is nothing more or less than a succession of shapes from which the notion of duration emerges.” He argues that “any attempt to create a quantum theory of the Universe should certainly start
without the notion of a pre-existing external time.”

In the Newtonian 3-body problem we have a Kepler pair and the singleton moving away. “The major axis of the Kepler pair are rods and compasses that track the singletons flight. Although the precision does keep improving, nothing essentially new happens
- The ‘needle gets stuck’ as to say. This is because Newtonian theory does not allow the number of particles to change. Quantum theory does allow such a change, so within an expanding universe that brings in scope for continual creation of novelty.
The Cosmos begins in near perfect symmetry and evolves to increasingly rich complexity - Clumping and spangling. “

“Since interactions between particles are absent in the initial stages, this suggests that the initial state of the universe will be simultaneously simple but tightly correlated. Whatever form the wave function of the universe might take in its
subsequent evolution over shape space, it can hardly shake off the nature of its birth. This seems to suggest that the quantum theory of the universe may combine profound unity in the condition of its birth with unlimited opportunity for subsequent
creative development. Having no limit to the possible shapes of the universe nor with any limit for the wave function of the universe to visit any one or all of them.” It follows a natural path via a complexity attractor. (A law of the Universe).

Barbour to me is not explicit when he discusses the flow of time. Eg. How fast does time flow?

From what I can gather (in a nutshell) his argument is as follows.

Each one of us exist in a mathematical structure (the universe's shape space) as per Tegmark - The mathematical Universe.

An individuals conscious reflection is a specific ensemble - a series of closely related shape spaces. In a higher dimension a single phase space - or a 'singular thought' space. We experience a finite number of these throughout our lives. Each
corresponding to a complexity of the Universe.

We think in gestalts and movement for example is a static whole notion in our minds eye. Our brains have access to memories (time capsules of past experiences). Our brain can also have a Geshalt for the projection or prediction of our future selves.
These are also stored in memory.

Time is not linear but the complexity of each of our Geshalt reflections can be ordered. So we perceive a past and a future in line with shape space ordered from complex to more complex. (It is not that shape space is changing but that each of our '
selves' experience a different complexity within the Universe's singular shape space).

The experienced direction of time is simply that our past selves have less memory (time capsules) than our future selves. The flow and direction of time is purely a biological sensation. An observer centric perspective within the the Universe (
mathematical structure) of the Universe. A succession of me's.

Name: Stephanie Romer
Rating: 3.0 out of 5 stars
Title: LOVE but Too deep into current technical narrow theory
Date: Reviewed in the United States on September 1, 2021
Review: I’m half way through and I can’t shake the feeling that this is a “what if” book that is somewhat myopic. It is extremely detailed and organized according to current theories, but I kept asking myself “how does this relate to brains?”
To the big paradoxes of existence and the big questions?
I actually wrote a book similar to this 20 years ago, but I considered those things. I saw that time moving the “other direction” is not “behind us” but in the now. You can only make sense of things that way. So anyway I was really excited about
this book and there were so many positive reviews!
But the problem with this book is that it is way too needlessly complicated and that’s because most people, even well-known highly skilled mathematical minds, get so bogged down in the details and social-mediation of the math, that they cannot see the
living body of reality for the bones of contention. Not sure how else to put it in a review. So they miss the big idea—like a rocket unable to reach a stable new orbit.
So it’s not so much Julian Barbour who has the problem, it’s the sand-bags of the current paradigm weighing him and everyone else down. I have encountered this many times with so many extremely gifted people at the top of the system—people who are
Nobel Laureates included—who think this one little idea is cool and so is this one, but are unable to see the whole picture. How there is a larger coherence to things that all those shining pebbles on the beach fit into. I personally believe it is
because of hierarchy and the effects on consciousness evolution in the past where really smart people who could not be controlled by their own breakup of thought and by this “becoming tools” of the socially powerful by never being able to see the
whole picture because it would come to feel like death, and anyone around them seeming to begin to see it would also be immediately rejected. Because seeing the larger patterns leads to revolutionary ideas.
So I don’t blame mr Barbour, or any of the other intelligent people I have known. They don’t even know what they don’t know and their very ideas are shaped by forces they are unaware of. I am a member of MENSA as well, and I have known a lot of
very smart people but I also noticed that much of the time, intelligence can mean that you have a more elaborate cage, or to be more optimistic, a more thickly woven cocoon. Looking so closely at the surface of things, that you lose sight of the sun
which drives all ecosystems.

So I finished the book. Modifying the review accordingly.

I absolutely love that he says in the last hour or two of the audiobook about snowflakes and Shakespeare. How silver and gold are created in supernovae. How he refers you to a painting “The Keys of Heaven…” Now you are talking! Really, mr Barbour,
I knew you had it in you. Who cares if they “raise an eyebrow”? It became so synchronistic when he talked about these things. I am writing about symbols and art—and stone axes and cave paintings—in my current book as I listen to this. I wrote a
book 20 years ago about how we can, and were meant to “read the universe”—including supernovae, bones, and snowflakes. I answered the big questions you posed at the end of your book in my book and papers, and my current book adds in a lot of extra
research that I proposed back then, and people are doing now. So I am trying to illustrate the main point of my review: first, I friggin love you—the real, eyebrow-raising you. Lol. Second, thanks for talking about how the universe is a story. How the
bones don’t entirely make the beauty. I had just written about bones in my book too.

So yeah I ended up loving the book, but I don’t recommend the audio book because I listened while running and could not see the diagrams. People generally buy audio books to listen while doing stuff like that. I am going to buy the paperback too.

So the universe is made of stories and I figured out why—even though everyone thinks I am crazy and I left graduate school after 4 years to write about it. Julian asks the very important questions: “What selects the history of the universe” and
that is precisely what I answered in my book. I am extremely happy that at least you have recognized the deeper question. And yes, when you ask whether the true guide is to be found in a “Shakespeare rather than a Newton or an Einstein” I find the
deepest wisdom of the human heart. I wish someday to meet you and I will tell you of the patterns of the universe even though people seem blind to it, always wanting to project onto things, rather than opening their hearts to beauty. It’s everywhere
and I say poetry and the meaning in poetry is actually the deepest natural law. Thank you for all your beautiful work.

Name: Robert Edgar
Rating: 2.0 out of 5 stars
Title: Baffling, and I have a physics PhD
Date: Reviewed in the United States on April 16, 2021
Review: I have a theoretical physics PhD and I was looking forward to reading this book based on positive reviews by physicists I respect (Lee Smolin, Martin Rees). But I was quickly baffled by Barbour's presentation of the history of thermodynamics, and
gave up trying to follow the argument after a couple of chapters. Technical terms such as "state function" are casually dropped into the text without definition -- I had to look some of them up on Wikipedia. For me, the prose was charming, meandering and
completely incoherent. If Smolin and Rees recommend it, then I'm willing to believe that there is real substance here that is over my head, but I doubt the average reader with a solid science education will be able to follow along. Disappointing.

Name: Arieh
Rating: 1.0 out of 5 stars
Title: Misunderstanding the second law
Date: Reviewed in the United States on March 7, 2021
Review: This book, as so many other popular science book misconstrued entropy with time.
Entropy has nothing, absolutely nothing to do with time. Unfortunately, some authors identify time with the “tendency of entropy to increase”.

Name: Elizabeth B
Rating: 5.0 out of 5 stars
Title: Janus point book, good reading
Date: Reviewed in the United States on April 7, 2021
Review: Enjoy the book

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