Sure it is specified: "an external force F_ext pushing right on A". It
really doesn't matter when on A the F_ext is applied, but the phrasing ("pushing") implies it is applied to the left side of A (remember all
three objects are rigid). And again there is no need to assume 100N --
any value of F_ext will do. But of course the combination of the masses
and the force determine the acceleration a (his eq. 1).
Your formula (1) a=100/30=3.33 m/s^2 is valid in both cases.
You seem to have difficulty thinking in terms of abstract symbols (m_A, F_ext, ...), and always seem to replace them with specific numbers. That
is a HUGE limitation in your mental processes. Note that all of the laws
of physics are phrased in terms of abstract symbols, including Newton's
three laws.
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