Water Electrolysis compilation for proving H4O, not H2O
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Archimedes Plutonium
Aug 21, 2023, 4:49:07 PM (3 days ago)
Reduction:: 2H2O(liquid) + 2monopoles- ---> H2(gas) + 2OH- (aqueous) at cathode Oxidation:: 2H2O(
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Archimedes Plutonium
Aug 22, 2023, 2:18:14 AM (3 days ago)
Now, Oxtoby & Nachtrieb PRINCIPLES OF MODERN CHEMISTRY, 2nd edition, 1990, page 387, do something
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Archimedes Plutonium
Aug 22, 2023, 3:55:04 PM (3 days ago)
CHEM ONE Waser, Trueblood, Knobler, 2nd edition, 1980 does a poor job on Water electrolysis, not even
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Archimedes Plutonium
Aug 23, 2023, 2:13:01 AM (2 days ago)
On Tuesday, August 22, 2023 at 2:18:14 AM UTC-5 Archimedes Plutonium wrote: Now, Oxtoby &
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Archimedes Plutonium
Aug 23, 2023, 2:40:41 AM (2 days ago)
Alright, let me get started on the most important ideas of Electrolysis, the geometry explanation,
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Archimedes Plutonium
Aug 23, 2023, 3:10:06 AM (2 days ago)
CHEMISTRY, Wilbraham, Staley, Matta, Waterman, 2008, page 680 gives an excellent picture and
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Archimedes Plutonium
Aug 23, 2023, 10:30:04 AM (2 days ago)
I probably will end up regretting of ever having wandered over here. For there is something deeply
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Archimedes Plutonium
Aug 23, 2023, 11:08:18 AM (2 days ago)
So here, I want to weigh the mass of the oxygen and hydrogen test tubes to prove either H4O or to
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Archimedes Plutonium
Aug 23, 2023, 11:27:40 AM (2 days ago)
On Wednesday, August 23, 2023 at 11:11:18 AM UTC-5, Archimedes Plutonium wrote: > Water
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Archimedes Plutonium
Aug 24, 2023, 1:23:44 AM (yesterday)
Alright, I am going to keep applying Occam's Razor to Water Electrolysis, until I find a scenario
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Archimedes Plutonium
Aug 24, 2023, 3:49:20 AM (yesterday)
So AP starts where the reaction starts with Reduction to H2 gas. Reduction:: 2H2O(liquid) + 2-
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Archimedes Plutonium
Aug 24, 2023, 8:56:06 AM (yesterday)
On Thursday, August 24, 2023 at 3:48:44 AM UTC-5, Archimedes Plutonium wrote: > So AP starts where
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Archimedes Plutonium
Aug 24, 2023, 9:59:23 AM (yesterday)
On Thursday, August 24, 2023 at 8:55:30 AM UTC-5, Archimedes Plutonium wrote: > On Thursday,
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Archimedes Plutonium
Aug 24, 2023, 4:34:49 PM (24 hours ago)
Compilation of Water Electrolysis and straightening out its many mistakes:: No-one in chemistry can
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Archimedes Plutonium
Aug 24, 2023, 8:00:53 PM (20 hours ago)
On Thursday, August 24, 2023 at 4:40:46 PM UTC-5, Archimedes Plutonium wrote: > Compilation of
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Archimedes Plutonium<
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1:43 AM (14 hours ago)
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A few days ago I thought I might regret taking on this subject. But now it is mostly clear sailing. The key idea is to track through what 2 molecules of water do, that is the key.
And that is the sore point of teaching Water electrolysis, for no teacher probably, and likely no teacher traces and tracks through from start to finish two water molecules and how they end up as gases. I know myself in chemistry class, the lecture was
pointless on electrolysis, and the book was too vague. I do not know how I survived the exam on electrolysis--- memorization of pictures???
So, let me start to track through two molecules of Water, and for this I use Old Chemistry's H2O. But I like to interject the New Chemistry of water as H4O. I need not do this, for the H2O explanation covers all assailant features. The H4O is merely the
same as heavy water where the hydrogen atom is two protons+muons. A proton+muon by itself is not a Atom but a subatomic particle.
And it just may come to pass that Water needs to be H4O, 4 protons with muons inside each of those 4 protons. Because no Atom can exist without a capacitor. In New Chemistry, H2 is not a molecule as it is in Old Chemistry, but H2 is the Hydrogen Atom
itself. But I probably will confuse more than teach be bringing in H4O when H2O can explain this electrolysis. When I come to write this a book, I well run two separate scenarios-- one on H2O and one on H4O.
So, now, possibly the easiest proof that water is H4O and not H2O, is consider the idea that water is liquid because of the 4 protons per 1 oxygen. I say this because in electrolysis at the cathode we strip away one of the H and leave behind an OH-.
Could electric current strip away just one H and leave behind OH- if water was H2O, I doubt it. But even more fundamental if water was H2O can two water molecules have polar bonding to make water a liquid as the molecules are close together. In other
words in H4O, the polarity of water is easy to see in the 2 extra protons that act like neutron parallel plate capacitors.
So as I walk through the life of 2 water molecules turned into gases, a geometry picture of Water molecule has to come into shape and form. Here is two H4O near the cathode.
____O___ oxygen with a parallel plate
..../....\ two H2 where one proton is a parallel plate to the other
....\..../
____O___
So now a current of electricity prys loose one of the two H2 in H4O or in Old Chemistry prys loose one of the H from the two polar bonded water molecules.
And we visualize the current as a closed loop saw that cuts away one of the H2 and puts in place of the missing H2 a magnetic monopole making the overall remaining two water molecules as 2OH-, and there are two of these water molecules together, tied in
a polar bond. So as the current saw cuts away one H2 of one water molecule it does so with the second water molecule forming the gas H2 in Old Chemistry and H4 in New Chemistry, this gas goes up into the hydrogen test tube at the cathode.
That leaves behind two OH-, and the 2OH- are finished reacting at the cathode, and the electric current pushes this 2OH- onwards to the anode as there is potential difference pushing the 2OH-. And once this 2OH- arrives at the anode, the anode potential
difference seeks those 2 magnetic monopoles of signage "-" as the current out of the anode and into the battery. It is here at the anode that the 2 H of 2OH- become stripped away of the oxygen for all the electric current at anode seeks all the "-",
leaving behind 2H+, and the 2O which is oxygen gas goes into the oxygen test tube.
That leaves only to explain what happens with the 2H+. Well, just as the 2OH- hitched a ride on the electric current closed loop and pushed from cathode to anode. Here the reverse is happening where the 2H+ hitches a ride at anode on the electric current
closed loop that pushes the 2H+ back to the cathode where it becomes H2 gas (H4 gas in New Chemistry).
So I am delighted with this explanation. Except I need far more details.
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Archimedes Plutonium<
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2:34 AM (14 hours ago)
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Now in that figure above of 2 water molecules polar bonded traces the outline of a hexagon, a 6 sided figure, and am wondering if that is why snowflakes are hexagons as the polar bonding.
AP
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Archimedes Plutonium<
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8:38 AM (8 hours ago)
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Let me split up the scenario of tracking two water molecules in Electrolysis with the one scenario as Water equals H2O and then later as water is H4O.
H2O scenario:
So, let me start to track through two molecules of Water, and for this I use Old Chemistry's H2O.
____O___ oxygen with a parallel plate
..../....\ two H where both H are bonded to the parallel plates of O ....\..../ here is the second water molecule polar bonded to 1st water molecule ____O___
So now we turn the battery electricity on, and we visualize the electric current as a chain saw blade, a pencil-ellipse closed loop that enters the water at the cathode and leaves at the anode.
As this chain saw as current enters at the cathode it is abundant in magnetic monopoles of signage "-" at the cathode, and when the current leaves the water at the anode pushing out the monopoles of "-" and leaving behind ions of "+".
So the electric current enters the cathode and encounters Water molecules of 2H2O polar bonded near the cathode, and the electric current chainsaw, saws off 2 H, from
____O___ oxygen with a parallel plate
..../....\ two H2 where one proton is a parallel plate to the other
....\..../
____O___
leaving a gas H2 to bubble up into the test tube, and the chain saw electric current carries this remaining 2OH- carries that molecule over to the anode.
____O___
..../ two OH- carried away from cathode to be pushed over to the anode
..........\
____O___
When the 2OH- arrives at the anode, the anode seeks with its Potential Difference in the electric circuit, seeks the magnetic monopoles, the 2-monopoles seeks them from 2OH- and shoots those two monopoles each of 0.5MeV monopoles to make up for the
electric current flow out to the battery.
As the anode strips the 2H from 2OH- and the 2O, the 2O is oxygen gas that bubbles up into the oxygen only test tube, while the 2H is now 2H+ for the anode seeks all "-" monopoles.
The 2H+ is not a gas but in aqueous solution and hitches a ride back to the cathode riding on the electric current chain saw. Once the 2H+ arrives back at the cathode, it is supplied with "-" monopoles that now turns 2H+ into a gas H2 and bubbling up
into the hydrogen gas only test tube.
As we visually watch Electrolysis of Water, we first see a column of H2 gas bubbling up into the hydrogen test tube as it saws off 2H2O leaving behind 2OH-, we see no bubbling at the anode until the 2OH- travels across to the anode and the Potential
Difference saw off the 2OH- into O2 gas and leaving behind 2H+. This 2H+ travels back to the cathode and is converted to gas H2 causing a second column of gas bubbling up to fill the hydrogen test tube.
AP
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Archimedes Plutonium<
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4:10 PM (now)
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So here we have to ask the question why 2H+ remains aqueous and not bubbling up as a gas H2 ???
We could ask why OH- remains aqueous and not bubble up as a gas???
Could the answer be that all ions in water remain aqueous????
At the moment I do not know that answer. But it sounds very logical, that in water, all ions remain aqueous and do not bubble up as a gas.
AP
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