The fossil record is overwhelming carnivores until the rise of mammals after the bolide strike in late Cretaceous.

From a recent experience of so many mice, and I can add, so many rabbits. That it seems highly unlikely that the fossil record is complete without some animals the size of mice and rabbits living on land prior to the bolide strike.

I am hard pressed to think of a single small dinosaur that was herbivore.

I know of no amphibians that lived as herbivores.

So this book explores the idea that paleontology is missing the largest number of animals on land before about 60 million years ago when mammals rose after the bolide strike.

I am looking for animals the size of mice and rabbits that were prolific multipliers and lived on plant food.


Archimedes Plutonium
Oct 5, 2023, 7:16:41 PM
to sci.physics, sci.math, plutonium-atom-universe
Finally an end to summer as I see many leaves falling for Autumn, and we even had several days in a row of 33Celsius, hot days in first week of October. Glad I kept the air conditioner still operational and not stored away.

And we have some more rain. I do not know whether rain in Autumn is worthwhile for plants to get ready for next Spring. Whether rain in Autumn is the worst time of year to have rain??? This needs science research.

Another thing I like to have researched is how far away mice have to be relocated so they do not come back into the house. What is the range of mice for their home, is the question I am asking. For this year I trap at least 3 mice a night and relocate
the next day a far distance. I do not know if any of them are what I call "repeat offenders" knowing where my house is and coming back. I do not want to so to speak paint a color onto their fur to find out if they are repeat offenders. I am happy enough
just relocating them. Nature needs them more than my house. And this is the trouble of home construction-- probably 99.9% of houses in the entire world are ___Not mouse and animal proof____. In fact, the way most houses in the USA are built, were built
for the lovely convenience of mice, possums, raccoons, bats to find and live in. Why, even this year, for the first time, I saw a snake wriggling across the vinyl floor. So, I mean, home construction in the USA is pitiful and pathethic as far as making
them animal proof.

But I want to discuss watermelons today, as I am almost out of them. And for 3 years in a row now, I think it was 3, maybe just 2, I have had a beautiful harvest. I save the seeds of the melons I eat and plant them on the ground come warm Spring. They
seem to crowd out the weeds, but they do need watering everyday in my climate. But one note I want to make is that late in the season the fruit is not solid, but rather has a "sandy" texture. And so I will try to explore and examine this "sandy" texture
fruit in future harvests? Is it purely when the fruit is picked, for early on, the fruit was "solid firm" and that is the best watermelon.

I have small watermelons the size of large grapefruits and I simply cut them in half and spoon out the flesh, saving the seeds. I have at least two varieties-- red, and the white flesh.

Glad I finally solved the riddle of growing Watermelon. They need daily attention, is my past mistake. With daily attention-- watering, a few weed pulling, the watermelon is a huge success.

AP

AP's 265th book of science// too few herbivores before the rise of mammals in fossil record, by Archimedes Plutonium

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What I am complaining about here is that present day Earth, we go anywhere on land and find the Food Pyramid of herbivores on the bottom in large numbers, making up the food chain. But we go back in time in paleontology and geological time we have plenty
of carnivores, some omnivores but we have few if any herbivores with their huge numbers to compose the food chain.

So I think what has happened here is a huge huge gap and miss in the fossil record of the most numerous animals on land, the herbivores through time.

Of the dinosaurs, I can think of only that huge triceratops, the one with 3 horns and some long necked dinosaurs. But what is missing is rabbit sized and rat sized and mice sized animals along with the huge animals as herbivores.

From my understanding of the fossil record to date. That 75% are carnivores, when the opposite should be in place-- 75% were herbivores. If accurate, well we have a lot of work to do in paleontology to correct this huge gaping hole of a mistake.

AP, King of Science

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Now this is a fascinating topic for me. In the idea that something is amiss in the Paleontology record of small sized abundant animals on land. The size of mice, rats and rabbits, the main and major herbivores of land plants.

I am sure that the Food Chain and Food Pyramid applies to past life from Cretaceous of rise of mammals as it applies before the dinosaurs and up to the Cretaceous bolide.

However, we see no animals the size of mice, rats and rabbits in abundance until we have mice, rats and rabbits.

We have in abundance large herbivores in fossil record but no abundance of small herbivores.

It maybe explained that small herbivores are rarely fossilized but that huge herbivores like triceratops are easily fossilized. That maybe the answer. There were abundant small herbivores that fed on mosses and ferns and small plants. Only their
fossilized are rarely preserved.

Of course grasses are a post Cretaceous plant that would also cause a increase demand for small herbivores.

Another possible explanation is that insects were so abundant that they covered for the lack of small herbivores.

AP

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I believe the explanation is insects, and that that animals needed a mouse, rat, rabbit sized lizard like reptile herbivore. I believe from very ancient geological times that insects filled the niche of ecosystems food chain and food pyramid as the most
numerous herbivores.

And to prove this true, I bet many of the larger omnivores and carnivores in the Mesozoic geological age depended on the abundance of insects.

Not until the rise of mammals do we have mice, rats, rabbits as the herbivores of that size.

And this makes logical sense also for the rise of birds from reptiles with wings. Wings fly after insects since they composed most of the food pyramid of herbivores.

In this book , also, I am going to make a new Pyramid and Chain. One based on gases not on food, but we can consider gases we breathe as food itself. A Pyramid and Chain of Oxygen O2 versus CO2.

Here I subtract cellulose and then weigh the biomass of plants without the cellulose. And I suspect once I weigh the biomass of animals, all animals that they are about equal in biomass. The reasoning: CO2 comes in 3 different isomers and is dependent on
animal-CO2.

I wrote a book on isomers of CO2.

My 81st published book of science.

Animal-CO2 of the 3 CO2 isomers// Chemistry Series, book 3
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author) (Amazon's Kindle)


Animal-CO2 of the 3 CO2 isomers// Chemistry Series, book 3
by Archimedes Plutonium

Preface: CO2 molecule has 3 isomers. An isomer means same chemical formula but different geometries. The 3 isomers of CO2 come from fire-CO2 and animal-CO2. The fire-CO2 has the carbon atom as central in the molecule and one of the oxygen atoms has a
unshared dipole. The animal-CO2 has the carbon atom on the periphery with an unshared dipole.
This is very important chemistry science for it impacts Global Warming but also hugely impacts biology because plants can only live on animal-CO2 and the fire-CO2 is a toxic poison to plants, much like CO is a toxic poison to animals.

Here we learn new facts about the molecules CO, N2, CO2, O2 and even H2O, new facts we never understood before, all because the real electron is the muon stuck inside a proton doing the Faraday Law and that chemical bonding is governed not by electrons
but by Dirac magnetic monopoles, and that makes the Lewis structure be based on 6 not 8.

New concepts in chemistry: Lewis structure based on 6, not 8, and the unshared dipole. For a Lewis Structure based on 6, not 8, is the only logical way that the strongest bonded molecules end up being CO and N2. With a Lewis 8 Structure, the strongest
bonded molecules, by logic, note, by logic would have to be O2 and FH or possibly FB. However, the proof is that bond dissociation energy of CO is the highest, proving Lewis 6 Structure is the true structure of Chemistry.

source: chem.ucsb.edu

in kJ/mol

CO 1076
N2  946
CO2 532
O2  498
C2 as in diamond is 602 kJ/mol
H2O = 492
OH = 425
H2 = 432

Cover Picture is a winter stored potted clover that I am experimenting with and shows a animal-CO2 molecule going in, and going out is a O2 molecule that animals need to breathe.

Product details
ASIN : B084217LB9
Publication date : January 19, 2020
Language : English
File size : 1042 KB
Text-to-Speech : Enabled
Screen Reader : Supported
Enhanced typesetting : Enabled
X-Ray : Not Enabled
Word Wise : Enabled
Print length : 15 pages
Lending : Enabled
Best Sellers Rank: #277,873 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
◦ #9 in 30-Minute Science & Math Short Reads
◦ #52 in General Chemistry & Reference
◦ #297 in Biology (Kindle Store)




AP

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