This book will teach me, anyway, if not you, what is a thermocouple versus thermopile and how they work.

Oct 18, 2023, 10:35:41 PM (3 days ago)
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AP's 261st book of science:: Measuring the Solar Radiation daily, seasonally, and yearly-- saw my first and only Garden Spider Argiope for 2023
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Archimedes Plutonium
Oct 16, 2023, 11:19:06 PM (yesterday)
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Amazingly, I did find one garden spider for 2023, it was October 14 and I took a picture of her.

It used to be I had 10 to 20 huge Argiope on my south wall window panes of my house, and now I have none.

This Argiope was found far away from my house along a concrete block wall.

I use Argiope to tell me how bad the Solar Radiation increase from the Sun has become.

If the summer has too much solar radiation, it affects the minds of these spiders so much that they spin erratic to nonexistent webs and so have little chance of catching anything.

If it is huge radiation increase, it kills the spiders outright.

I want NASA to build an instrument that can daily measure the Solar radiation increase.

I want NASA to give us that numbers figure in the daily weather reports.

Until NASA does that, I rely on animals to tell me how bad the Solar Radiation is.

I devote this whole book to Measuring the Solar Radiation Increase.

It was reported in a science magazine that from 2010 to 2020 that 25% of the biomass of all insects had perished in that decade. And in that same decade, the solar radiation increase was 0.005% increase, which I attribute as the culprit for the 25% loss
of insect biomass.

But we, the entire globe, needs to have daily reports of the Solar Radiation increase, or decrease if that ever happens.

AP

AP's 261st book of science:: Measuring the Solar Radiation daily, seasonally, and yearly-- saw my first and only Garden Spider Argiope for 2023
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Archimedes Plutonium
Oct 17, 2023, 2:26:34 PM (yesterday)
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Alright, I discovered something truly amazing about physics in this book before really getting head-long-deeply involved. For this book is going to force me to learn how some instruments measure physical parameters.

It is easy to understand how thermometers measure temperature and heat. They have a chemical inside a glass tube that responds to variance in temperature, such as mercury liquid or some alcohol liquid.

But how in the world does the instrument of an Infrared Thermometer work?? Who knows???

So I point my Infrared Thermometer down a dark hallway and reads 10 C, at the TV set reads 14C, at a shaded window reads 20 C at a light bulb turned on 37 C.

So, in this book of science slated to be my 261st book of science, I have prescribed myself to self-learn how on Earth does this thermometer work at all???

And worse yet, learn how NASA discovered that the Sun has had a yearly Solar Radiation Increase of 0.005% for the past 10 years of 2010 to 2020. How does NASA make that measurement???? Probably from University of Colorado does that measurement come from,
or perhaps Caltech.

So, here is the amazing thing today in physics. For I am the author of the idea that Light Waves are closed loop circuits-- pencil ellipse closed loop circuits.

And if I had to make a guess of how that Infrared Laser Thermometer works, is that the laser is a closed loop circuit ellipse, pencil ellipse that when it hits something warm, a warm object, it contributes more energy to the circuit, as superposition of
more energy onto the laser wave, and the thermometer reading is a Faraday law reading (a coil) that reads the increased energy.

But the important idea, is the Infrared Thermometer cannot work unless Light Waves are closed loop circuits.

AP, King of Science
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Archimedes Plutonium
Oct 17, 2023, 2:55:42 PM (yesterday)
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Now this principle that Light Waves are closed loop circuits of pencil ellipses with the source in the circuit, applies also to radar, and to the often seen police checking the speed of a moving vehicle where the Light Waves is not a Arrow with tail and
head, that bounces off the car and back to the police instrument. No. What that instrument is-- is a closed loop circuit beam that senses the increased intensity of the beam (getting closer to the instrument).


So I am thinking, that the NASA instrument that measured the Solar Radiation Increase of 0.005% yearly increase from 2010 to 2020 is much like my Infrared Thermometer or like the Police hand held radar measuring instrument of car speed-- the increased
intensity. Although the NASA instrument is likely a thousand times more delicate of an instrument. By delicate I mean almost the opposite of delicate for the ability to measure the Sun of its brute force intense radiation.

AP
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Archimedes Plutonium
Oct 17, 2023, 4:16:45 PM (yesterday)
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Up until this past week in October 2023, I saw no Argiope garden spiders, then I saw this one.

I am using Argiope as a biological measuring tool of how dreadful the Solar Radiation increase per year has become.

The reason Ice Caps are accelerated melting is due in large part because our Sun has gone Red Giant Phase and will be increasing in yearly Solar Radiation until no more life can exist upon planet Earth.

I reckon we have a good 1,000 years to make a permanent colony on Europa, before it is too late and all life on Earth goes extinct and into oblivion.

I blame the loss of 25% of all insect biomass from 2010 to 2020 due to yearly Solar Radiation Increase of 0.005% yearly. Global Warming due to fossil fuel burning played only a minor role.

This book is about measuring the Solar Radiation increases, (and decreases if any). And for those of us without fancy science instruments of measurement, well, we can rely upon our friends the animals, insects and plants to warn us.

Spiders that normally live in sun full spots of the garden have extreme difficulty as the radiation increases. I notice this in Argiope with the few numbers alive. And even those alive, I notice their webs are shoddily built with holes and voids in the
web. Their size is diminutive compared to the garden spiders of 1999.

This book explores how to measure Solar Radiation Increases, the instruments used in measuring and even a guide list of insects and plants reacting to solar radiation increases.

Until I publish this book, that remains my logo picture, the only garden spider I saw in the whole of year 2023.

AP
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Archimedes Plutonium
9:48 PM (1 hour ago)
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Now I do know the Infrared Thermometer has a thermopile to convert heat radiation into electricity and get a reading of temperature.

But I maybe making a mistake in assumption. I maybe assuming far too much about the laser light point.

For if I remember correctly, some of these thermometers do not even shoot a light beam. If memory is correct, some hospitals use a IR thermometer to see if a patient has a fever by aiming on to the forehead as was done during covid-19 lockdown.

I am assuming all IR thermometers are shooting a beam of light-- be it laser or otherwise upon a spot in a distance to measure its temperature. And that maybe a erroneous assumption.

AP
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Archimedes Plutonium
Oct 19, 2023, 9:44:59 AM (3 days ago)
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So here, I am not understanding if all IR thermometers need some Light Waves to shoot out upon a object (usually a laser) in order to measure its temperature. I do not know because in health care to measure the forehead temperature if a light beam is
shot onto the forehead?

--- quoting Wikipedia on IR thermometers ---
An infrared thermometer is a thermometer which infers temperature from a portion of the thermal radiation sometimes called black-body radiation emitted by the object being measured. They are sometimes called laser thermometers as a laser is used to help
aim the thermometer, or non-contact thermometers or temperature guns, to describe the device's ability to measure temperature from a distance. By knowing the amount of infrared energy emitted by the object and its emissivity, the object's temperature can
often be determined within a certain range of its actual temperature. Infrared thermometers are a subset of devices known as "thermal radiation thermometers".

Sometimes, especially near ambient temperatures, readings may be subject to error due to the reflection of radiation from a hotter body—even the person holding the instrument — rather than radiated by the object being measured, and to an incorrectly
assumed emissivity.

The design essentiall

So, let us learn about thermopiles and thermocouples.

--- quoting Wikipedia ---

A thermopile is an electronic device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy.[1] It is composed of several thermocouples connected usually in series or, less commonly, in parallel. Such a device works on the principle of the thermoelectric
effect, i.e., generating a voltage when its dissimilar metals (thermocouples) are exposed to a temperature difference.

Thermocouples operate by measuring the temperature differential from their junction point to the point in which the thermocouple output voltage is measured. Once a closed circuit is made up of more than one metal and there is a difference in temperature
between junctions and points of transition from one metal to another, a current is produced as if generated by a difference of potential between the hot and cold junction.

Thermocouples can be connected in series as thermocouple pairs with a junction located on either side of a thermal resistance layer. The output from the thermocouple pair will be a voltage

I am super excited by this diagram on thermopile in Wikipedia, although my copy paste did not take hold.

output voltage

__________copper wire
__________iron wire
__________copper wire
__________iron wire

--- quoting Wikipedia on thermopile ---
Thermopile, composed of multiple thermocouples in series. If both the right and left junctions are the same temperature, voltages cancel out to zero. However, if there is a temperature difference between sides the resulting total output voltage is equal
to the sum of junction voltage differentials.
--- end quoting ---

I am super excited for the above reads almost like a Faraday Law exercise where instead of a bar magnet, the heat waves of electromagnetic spectrum the infrared waves replaces bar magnets to yield a current.

So the next question for me, anyway, is, what happens to the "virgin Faraday Law" if we make the Faraday coil be alternating copper with say gold?? Would we achieve more electricity from a thrusting bar magnet than if we had just pure all copper or pure
all gold coil?

If we can get electricity from heat by alternating the metals of the coil. Would we not get more electricity in Faraday law by alternating the conduction metals of the coil