(JTA) â A survey by the Anti-Defamation League found that significant portions of people in 10 European countries believe a range of
antisemitic stereotypes, including more than one in three people in
Poland and Hungary.
The ADL measures antisemitic attitudes across a range of countries by
asking respondents if they believe a set of 11 stereotypes about Jews, ranging from âJews have too much power in the business worldâ to âJews are responsible for most of the worldâs wars.â
This survey, taken from November to January, polled more than 6,500
people across 10 countries: Germany, France, the United Kingdom.,
Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Poland, Hungary, Ukraine and Russia.
The margin of error for Ukraine and Russia was 3.1%, and was 4.4% for
the remaining countries.
According to the ADLâs methodology, âsurvey respondents who said at
least 6 out of the 11 statements are âprobably trueâ are considered to harbor anti-Semitic attitudes.â In Hungary, 37% reached that
threshold, while the figure was 35% in Poland. In Ukraine, 29% of
respondents met that threshold, and in Russia and Spain, the figure
was 26%. The lowest figure, 8%, was in the Netherlands.
Although Poland and Ukraine had relatively large portions of
respondents indicating that they believed in antisemitic stereotypes,
their percentages each represented a steep decline from previous
surveys. In 2019, the last time the survey was taken in those
countries, 48% of Polish respondents and 46% of Ukrainian respondents
met the ADLâs threshold for antisemitic attitudes.
Stereotypes around Israel were especially prevalent. More than 40% of respondents in Poland, Spain, Belgium and Germany said âJews are more
loyal to Israel than to this country.â More than 30% of respondents in
all countries polled expressed that belief. And in Ukraine and
Hungary, more than half of respondents said âJews have too much power
in the business world.â The survey also found that in the countries
polled, rates of antisemitism âtend to be higher on the political
right than the political left.â
The survey found, however, that Holocaust denial was less common
across the countries. In all the countries polled, either zero or 1%
of respondents said âThe Holocaust is a myth and did not happen.â A higher percentage across the countries, though still a small minority,
said, âThe Holocaust happened, but the number of Jews who died in it
has been greatly exaggerated.â That number appeared to be highest in Ukraine, Hungary and Russia, all countries where the Holocaust took
place.
In Russia, 27% of respondents said they had not âheard about the
Holocaust in Europe during World War II.â
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