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actions. Life requires a balance between anticipated action planning and control, and proprioceptive feedback: failure leads to incorrect
attribution of events to the self, as in schizophrenia where
self-monitoring fails. We would speculate that excessive introspective self-consciousness leading to an objectification of experience in level
two, with neglect of proprioception leading to a failure in maintaining
this balance.

18 Lienhardt (1961, p. 149) describes how pagan Dinkas’ everyday
emotions and memories were not experienced as subjective but as put into
the person through other people and events in the environment; a memory
is something external still acting on one (Kircher & Leube’s naïve realism, see Note 17). The dismantling of such a psychology makes
“thought insertion” and “made affects” more problematic and abnormal, no
longer shared by one’s fellows.

19A process of psychologisation and abstraction continued by of course
Islam in an approximately parallel development (not to mention the Reformation which did much to enhance an inner directed awareness) but
also through the more secular aspects of literacy, clock time, printing,
the diary and the autobiography, double-entry bookkeeping,
monetarisation and credit, the market, interest, industrialisation, and communication technology, all of which have led to a gradual “disembedding” (Giddens, 1990) from our pagan Being in the World. All societies have some monitoring of thought and action: what is new is a “reflection upon the nature of reflection itself” (Giddens, 1990, p. 39).

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Funding
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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