• =?UTF-8?Q?UK_to_return_to_EU=E2=80=99s_flagship_Horizon_science_rese?=

    From swldxer1958@gmail.com@21:1/5 to All on Thu Sep 7 06:03:18 2023
    TAIL BETWEEN LEGS TIME. :-)

    Britain is to rejoin the EU’s flagship £85bn science research programme, Horizon Europe, in a long-anticipated deal welcomed by scientists.

    Britain’s membership of Horizon, which funds research projects tackling crucial issues from the climate crisis to terminal diseases and improving food and energy security, was agreed as part of the post-Brexit trade deal in 2020. But it was never
    ratified in a tit-for-tat row between the EU and the UK over Northern Ireland Brexit arrangements.

    A senior EU source said the return to the programme, three years into a seven-year funding cycle, was discussed by the EU’s College of Commissioners this week. The Guardian understands a deal has been reached and is expected to be announced on Thursday.

    Prof Carsten Welsch, a physicist at the University of Liverpool who lost leadership of a £2.6m research project on a novel plasma generator that could be used in cancer treatment when the UK was excluded from Horizon, said: “I am absolutely thrilled
    about this news as we have been in a limbo situation for far too long. Horizon Europe is stronger with the UK and UK research is stronger in Horizon.”

    Mike Galsworthy, the chair of European Movement UK, attacked the government for disadvantaging science by delaying associate membership of Horizon for so long. “The UK used not just to participate in Horizon, but to lead. Any agreed deal will be
    carefully combed over by UK scientists, who are desperate to rejoin the Horizon programme. UK science has been losing opportunities and funds hand-over-fist for every week that this inexplicable paralysis has lasted.”

    It is understood the standoff over how much the UK should pay into the programme every year has ended with an agreement discussed at the highest level at the European Commission this week. The announcement could be as soon as 7am on BBC Radio 4’s Today
    programme on Thursday.

    The UK prime minister, Rishi Sunak, has spent the last five months holding out for the “underperformance clause”, which was agreed in 2020, to be readjusted to guarantee a greater rebate if Britain failed to achieve previous levels of grants from the
    programme.

    The UK is expected to pay in about £2bn a year, with effective rebates if the grants from the programme fail to match the country’s contributions.
    Sunak and Von der Leyen
    Rishi Sunak and Ursula von der Leyen unveil the Windsor framework in March.

    Diplomats in the EU cautioned that any deal would have to be agreed by member states so official membership may drag on for some time yet. The source said EU members would want to be assured that the new financial deal was within the terms of the trade
    deal with no special favours to the UK and the new calculations were “reasonable” for both sides.

    The path for the UK’s return to Horizon was cleared as far back as March after London and Brussels resolved their dispute over the Northern Ireland protocol, with the European Commission president, Ursula von der Leyen, promising a “swift” decision.
    But stop-start talks over the following months were marred by demands by the UK for extra discounts to take account of the absent years, much to the fury of the science community, many of whom opposed Sunak’s plan B to go it alone.

    Earlier on Wednesday Sunak gave his strongest hint yet that a deal had been sealed, saying he had given the go-ahead for his officials to finalise an agreement.

    Questioned about the continued delays to rejoining the programme, he told a Labour MP during prime minister’s questions that the UK had been “extensively involved” in negotiating a return to Horizon. “I hope to be able to conclude those
    successfully and when we do I hope you’ll be the first to stand up and congratulate the government,” he said.

    Before Brexit, the UK was one of the top beneficiaries of the Horizon programme and scientists are still eligible to apply for funding, which is underwritten by the UK government. However, the uncertainty over the UK’s membership and its inability to
    lead pan-EU research while outside the programme has dealt a blow.

    Data from the European Commission shows a huge drop in awards to British science programmes since 2019. In that year, €959m (£829m) went to the UK in 1,364 grants, compared with €22m in 192 grants in 2023 to date.

    According to sources in the science community, the UK wanted the discount and to exit the parallel Euratom programme, which the EU rejected.

    The 2020 trade and cooperation deal contained a “correction mechanism” to allow for adjustments if the UK put more into the programme a year than it received in grants. Sunak was concerned that the loss of three years meant the UK had fallen so far
    behind in the programme that the mechanism needed to be adjusted to the UK’s greater benefit.

    Before Brexit the UK received about £2bn in research funding, about £500m more than it put in. Under the 2020 deal it agreed to put in about £2bn a year.

    The government declined to comment.

    https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/06/uk-return-to-eu-horizon-scheme-expected-to-be-confirmed-within-days?fbclid=IwAR1J2GWNOZVYqticE0gVaSP0_6EOpU2-KwcL9mIaDhpkDuaOmcFIv4pvC88

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From JNugent@21:1/5 to swldx...@gmail.com on Thu Sep 7 14:39:05 2023
    On 07/09/2023 02:03 pm, swldx...@gmail.com wrote:
    TAIL BETWEEN LEGS TIME. :-)

    Britain is to rejoin the EU’s flagship £85bn science research programme, Horizon Europe, in a long-anticipated deal welcomed by scientists.

    Britain’s membership of Horizon, which funds research projects tackling crucial issues from the climate crisis to terminal diseases and improving food and energy security, was agreed as part of the post-Brexit trade deal in 2020. But it was never
    ratified in a tit-for-tat row between the EU and the UK over Northern Ireland Brexit arrangements.

    A senior EU source said the return to the programme, three years into a seven-year funding cycle, was discussed by the EU’s College of Commissioners this week. The Guardian understands a deal has been reached and is expected to be announced on
    Thursday.

    Prof Carsten Welsch, a physicist at the University of Liverpool who lost leadership of a £2.6m research project on a novel plasma generator that could be used in cancer treatment when the UK was excluded from Horizon, said: “I am absolutely thrilled
    about this news as we have been in a limbo situation for far too long. Horizon Europe is stronger with the UK and UK research is stronger in Horizon.”

    Mike Galsworthy, the chair of European Movement UK, attacked the government for disadvantaging science by delaying associate membership of Horizon for so long. “The UK used not just to participate in Horizon, but to lead. Any agreed deal will be
    carefully combed over by UK scientists, who are desperate to rejoin the Horizon programme. UK science has been losing opportunities and funds hand-over-fist for every week that this inexplicable paralysis has lasted.”

    It is understood the standoff over how much the UK should pay into the programme every year has ended with an agreement discussed at the highest level at the European Commission this week. The announcement could be as soon as 7am on BBC Radio 4’s
    Today programme on Thursday.

    The UK prime minister, Rishi Sunak, has spent the last five months holding out for the “underperformance clause”, which was agreed in 2020, to be readjusted to guarantee a greater rebate if Britain failed to achieve previous levels of grants from
    the programme.

    The UK is expected to pay in about £2bn a year, with effective rebates if the grants from the programme fail to match the country’s contributions.
    Sunak and Von der Leyen
    Rishi Sunak and Ursula von der Leyen unveil the Windsor framework in March.

    Diplomats in the EU cautioned that any deal would have to be agreed by member states so official membership may drag on for some time yet. The source said EU members would want to be assured that the new financial deal was within the terms of the trade
    deal with no special favours to the UK and the new calculations were “reasonable” for both sides.

    The path for the UK’s return to Horizon was cleared as far back as March after London and Brussels resolved their dispute over the Northern Ireland protocol, with the European Commission president, Ursula von der Leyen, promising a “swift”
    decision. But stop-start talks over the following months were marred by demands by the UK for extra discounts to take account of the absent years, much to the fury of the science community, many of whom opposed Sunak’s plan B to go it alone.

    Earlier on Wednesday Sunak gave his strongest hint yet that a deal had been sealed, saying he had given the go-ahead for his officials to finalise an agreement.

    Questioned about the continued delays to rejoining the programme, he told a Labour MP during prime minister’s questions that the UK had been “extensively involved” in negotiating a return to Horizon. “I hope to be able to conclude those
    successfully and when we do I hope you’ll be the first to stand up and congratulate the government,” he said.

    Before Brexit, the UK was one of the top beneficiaries of the Horizon programme and scientists are still eligible to apply for funding, which is underwritten by the UK government. However, the uncertainty over the UK’s membership and its inability to
    lead pan-EU research while outside the programme has dealt a blow.

    Data from the European Commission shows a huge drop in awards to British science programmes since 2019. In that year, €959m (£829m) went to the UK in 1,364 grants, compared with €22m in 192 grants in 2023 to date.

    According to sources in the science community, the UK wanted the discount and to exit the parallel Euratom programme, which the EU rejected.

    The 2020 trade and cooperation deal contained a “correction mechanism” to allow for adjustments if the UK put more into the programme a year than it received in grants. Sunak was concerned that the loss of three years meant the UK had fallen so far
    behind in the programme that the mechanism needed to be adjusted to the UK’s greater benefit.

    Before Brexit the UK received about £2bn in research funding, about £500m more than it put in. Under the 2020 deal it agreed to put in about £2bn a year.

    The government declined to comment.

    https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/06/uk-return-to-eu-horizon-scheme-expected-to-be-confirmed-within-days?fbclid=IwAR1J2GWNOZVYqticE0gVaSP0_6EOpU2-KwcL9mIaDhpkDuaOmcFIv4pvC88

    What has ANY of that to do with you chavs on bikes?

    Do they run an advanced scientific janitorial course, complete with
    modules on mop and broom maintenance, or something?

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From colwyn@21:1/5 to JNugent on Thu Sep 7 15:15:01 2023
    On 07/09/2023 14:39, JNugent wrote:
    On 07/09/2023 02:03 pm, swldx...@gmail.com wrote:
    TAIL BETWEEN LEGS TIME.   :-)

    Britain is to rejoin the EU’s flagship £85bn science research
    programme, Horizon Europe, in a long-anticipated deal welcomed by
    scientists.

    Britain’s membership of Horizon, which funds research projects
    tackling crucial issues from the climate crisis to terminal diseases
    and improving food and energy security, was agreed as part of the
    post-Brexit trade deal in 2020. But it was never ratified in a
    tit-for-tat row between the EU and the UK over Northern Ireland Brexit
    arrangements.

    A senior EU source said the return to the programme, three years into
    a seven-year funding cycle, was discussed by the EU’s College of
    Commissioners this week. The Guardian understands a deal has been
    reached and is expected to be announced on Thursday.

    Prof Carsten Welsch, a physicist at the University of Liverpool who
    lost leadership of a £2.6m research project on a novel plasma
    generator that could be used in cancer treatment when the UK was
    excluded from Horizon, said: “I am absolutely thrilled about this news
    as we have been in a limbo situation for far too long. Horizon Europe
    is stronger with the UK and UK research is stronger in Horizon.”

    Mike Galsworthy, the chair of European Movement UK, attacked the
    government for disadvantaging science by delaying associate membership
    of Horizon for so long. “The UK used not just to participate in
    Horizon, but to lead. Any agreed deal will be carefully combed over by
    UK scientists, who are desperate to rejoin the Horizon programme. UK
    science has been losing opportunities and funds hand-over-fist for
    every week that this inexplicable paralysis has lasted.”

    It is understood the standoff over how much the UK should pay into the
    programme every year has ended with an agreement discussed at the
    highest level at the European Commission this week. The announcement
    could be as soon as 7am on BBC Radio 4’s Today programme on Thursday.

    The UK prime minister, Rishi Sunak, has spent the last five months
    holding out for the “underperformance clause”, which was agreed in
    2020, to be readjusted to guarantee a greater rebate if Britain failed
    to achieve previous levels of grants from the programme.

    The UK is expected to pay in about £2bn a year, with effective rebates
    if the grants from the programme fail to match the country’s
    contributions.
    Sunak and Von der Leyen
    Rishi Sunak and Ursula von der Leyen unveil the Windsor framework in
    March.

    Diplomats in the EU cautioned that any deal would have to be agreed by
    member states so official membership may drag on for some time yet.
    The source said EU members would want to be assured that the new
    financial deal was within the terms of the trade deal with no special
    favours to the UK and the new calculations were “reasonable” for both
    sides.

    The path for the UK’s return to Horizon was cleared as far back as
    March after London and Brussels resolved their dispute over the
    Northern Ireland protocol, with the European Commission president,
    Ursula von der Leyen, promising a “swift” decision. But stop-start
    talks over the following months were marred by demands by the UK for
    extra discounts to take account of the absent years, much to the fury
    of the science community, many of whom opposed Sunak’s plan B to go it
    alone.

    Earlier on Wednesday Sunak gave his strongest hint yet that a deal had
    been sealed, saying he had given the go-ahead for his officials to
    finalise an agreement.

    Questioned about the continued delays to rejoining the programme, he
    told a Labour MP during prime minister’s questions that the UK had
    been “extensively involved” in negotiating a return to Horizon. “I
    hope to be able to conclude those successfully and when we do I hope
    you’ll be the first to stand up and congratulate the government,” he
    said.

    Before Brexit, the UK was one of the top beneficiaries of the Horizon
    programme and scientists are still eligible to apply for funding,
    which is underwritten by the UK government. However, the uncertainty
    over the UK’s membership and its inability to lead pan-EU research
    while outside the programme has dealt a blow.

    Data from the European Commission shows a huge drop in awards to
    British science programmes since 2019. In that year, €959m (£829m)
    went to the UK in 1,364 grants, compared with €22m in 192 grants in
    2023 to date.

    According to sources in the science community, the UK wanted the
    discount and to exit the parallel Euratom programme, which the EU
    rejected.

    The 2020 trade and cooperation deal contained a “correction mechanism” >> to allow for adjustments if the UK put more into the programme a year
    than it received in grants. Sunak was concerned that the loss of three
    years meant the UK had fallen so far behind in the programme that the
    mechanism needed to be adjusted to the UK’s greater benefit.

    Before Brexit the UK received about £2bn in research funding, about
    £500m more than it put in. Under the 2020 deal it agreed to put in
    about £2bn a year.

    The government declined to comment.

    https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/06/uk-return-to-eu-horizon-scheme-expected-to-be-confirmed-within-days?fbclid=IwAR1J2GWNOZVYqticE0gVaSP0_6EOpU2-KwcL9mIaDhpkDuaOmcFIv4pvC88

    What has ANY of that to do with you chavs on bikes?

    Do they run an advanced scientific janitorial course, complete with
    modules on mop and broom maintenance, or something?


    There is more to life than an unhealthy obsession with push bikes or
    their riders.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From JNugent@21:1/5 to colwyn on Thu Sep 7 16:10:58 2023
    On 07/09/2023 03:15 pm, colwyn wrote:
    On 07/09/2023 14:39, JNugent wrote:
    On 07/09/2023 02:03 pm, swldx...@gmail.com wrote:
    TAIL BETWEEN LEGS TIME.   :-)

    Britain is to rejoin the EU’s flagship £85bn science research
    programme, Horizon Europe, in a long-anticipated deal welcomed by
    scientists.

    Britain’s membership of Horizon, which funds research projects
    tackling crucial issues from the climate crisis to terminal diseases
    and improving food and energy security, was agreed as part of the
    post-Brexit trade deal in 2020. But it was never ratified in a
    tit-for-tat row between the EU and the UK over Northern Ireland
    Brexit arrangements.

    A senior EU source said the return to the programme, three years into
    a seven-year funding cycle, was discussed by the EU’s College of
    Commissioners this week. The Guardian understands a deal has been
    reached and is expected to be announced on Thursday.

    Prof Carsten Welsch, a physicist at the University of Liverpool who
    lost leadership of a £2.6m research project on a novel plasma
    generator that could be used in cancer treatment when the UK was
    excluded from Horizon, said: “I am absolutely thrilled about this
    news as we have been in a limbo situation for far too long. Horizon
    Europe is stronger with the UK and UK research is stronger in Horizon.” >>>
    Mike Galsworthy, the chair of European Movement UK, attacked the
    government for disadvantaging science by delaying associate
    membership of Horizon for so long. “The UK used not just to
    participate in Horizon, but to lead. Any agreed deal will be
    carefully combed over by UK scientists, who are desperate to rejoin
    the Horizon programme. UK science has been losing opportunities and
    funds hand-over-fist for every week that this inexplicable paralysis
    has lasted.”

    It is understood the standoff over how much the UK should pay into
    the programme every year has ended with an agreement discussed at the
    highest level at the European Commission this week. The announcement
    could be as soon as 7am on BBC Radio 4’s Today programme on Thursday.

    The UK prime minister, Rishi Sunak, has spent the last five months
    holding out for the “underperformance clause”, which was agreed in
    2020, to be readjusted to guarantee a greater rebate if Britain
    failed to achieve previous levels of grants from the programme.

    The UK is expected to pay in about £2bn a year, with effective
    rebates if the grants from the programme fail to match the country’s
    contributions.
    Sunak and Von der Leyen
    Rishi Sunak and Ursula von der Leyen unveil the Windsor framework in
    March.

    Diplomats in the EU cautioned that any deal would have to be agreed
    by member states so official membership may drag on for some time
    yet. The source said EU members would want to be assured that the new
    financial deal was within the terms of the trade deal with no special
    favours to the UK and the new calculations were “reasonable” for both >>> sides.

    The path for the UK’s return to Horizon was cleared as far back as
    March after London and Brussels resolved their dispute over the
    Northern Ireland protocol, with the European Commission president,
    Ursula von der Leyen, promising a “swift” decision. But stop-start
    talks over the following months were marred by demands by the UK for
    extra discounts to take account of the absent years, much to the fury
    of the science community, many of whom opposed Sunak’s plan B to go
    it alone.

    Earlier on Wednesday Sunak gave his strongest hint yet that a deal
    had been sealed, saying he had given the go-ahead for his officials
    to finalise an agreement.

    Questioned about the continued delays to rejoining the programme, he
    told a Labour MP during prime minister’s questions that the UK had
    been “extensively involved” in negotiating a return to Horizon. “I >>> hope to be able to conclude those successfully and when we do I hope
    you’ll be the first to stand up and congratulate the government,” he >>> said.

    Before Brexit, the UK was one of the top beneficiaries of the Horizon
    programme and scientists are still eligible to apply for funding,
    which is underwritten by the UK government. However, the uncertainty
    over the UK’s membership and its inability to lead pan-EU research
    while outside the programme has dealt a blow.

    Data from the European Commission shows a huge drop in awards to
    British science programmes since 2019. In that year, €959m (£829m)
    went to the UK in 1,364 grants, compared with €22m in 192 grants in
    2023 to date.

    According to sources in the science community, the UK wanted the
    discount and to exit the parallel Euratom programme, which the EU
    rejected.

    The 2020 trade and cooperation deal contained a “correction
    mechanism” to allow for adjustments if the UK put more into the
    programme a year than it received in grants. Sunak was concerned that
    the loss of three years meant the UK had fallen so far behind in the
    programme that the mechanism needed to be adjusted to the UK’s
    greater benefit.

    Before Brexit the UK received about £2bn in research funding, about
    £500m more than it put in. Under the 2020 deal it agreed to put in
    about £2bn a year.

    The government declined to comment.

    https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/06/uk-return-to-eu-horizon-scheme-expected-to-be-confirmed-within-days?fbclid=IwAR1J2GWNOZVYqticE0gVaSP0_6EOpU2-KwcL9mIaDhpkDuaOmcFIv4pvC88

    What has ANY of that to do with you chavs on bikes?

    Do they run an advanced scientific janitorial course, complete with
    modules on mop and broom maintenance, or something?

     There is more to life than an unhealthy obsession with push bikes or
    their riders.

    I would agree with that.

    But it seems that the OP does not. In a newsgroup devoted to
    recreational chav-cycling, he posts the above as though it has something
    to do with a bike-related topic.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From swldxer1958@gmail.com@21:1/5 to All on Thu Sep 7 08:23:37 2023
    QUOTE: Before Brexit the UK received about £2bn in research funding, about £500m more than it put in. Under the 2020 deal it agreed to put in about £2bn a year.

    The government declined to comment. ENDS
    =============
    YOU BET THEY DIDN'T - DON'T WANT TOO UPSET THE RACIST GAMMONS, EH?

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Spike@21:1/5 to swldx...@gmail.com on Thu Sep 7 16:22:24 2023
    swldx...@gmail.com <swldxer1958@gmail.com> wrote:
    QUOTE: Before Brexit the UK received about £2bn in research funding,
    about £500m more than it put in. Under the 2020 deal it agreed to put in about £2bn a year.

    The government declined to comment. ENDS
    =============
    YOU BET THEY DIDN'T - DON'T WANT TOO UPSET THE RACIST GAMMONS, EH?

    GET YOUR GAMMON SWIVELS HERE!

    <https://www.gammontechstore.com/ProductDetails.asp?ProductCode=GTP%2D1501%2E&CartID=0>

    --
    Spike

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From swldxer1958@gmail.com@21:1/5 to All on Thu Sep 7 09:42:25 2023
    QUOTE: /Before Brexit the UK received about £2bn in research funding, about £500m more than it put in. / ENDS

    DON'T THE RACIST GAMMONS INSIST THAT THE UK WAS A NET CONTRIBUTOR?
    THEY DON'T EVEN KNOW HOW A CAR BOOT SALE WORKS.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From swldxer1958@gmail.com@21:1/5 to All on Thu Sep 7 12:06:38 2023
    We used to be members of the EU and we paid £10bn net per year for access to the huge SM, membership of the CU and membership of Horizon, security services, European space programme and all our people had free movement to live work and travel in 27
    other countries. Today, @RishiSunak announces that we will rejoin Horizon for £2bn a year - wow Rishi, you have the cheek to call that a good deal?

    UK REDUCED TO FIGHTING FOR SCRAPS.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Spike@21:1/5 to swldx...@gmail.com on Thu Sep 7 18:47:40 2023
    swldx...@gmail.com <swldxer1958@gmail.com> wrote:
    QUOTE: /Before Brexit the UK received about £2bn in research funding,
    about £500m more than it put in. / ENDS

    DON'T THE RACIST GAMMONS INSIST THAT THE UK WAS A NET CONTRIBUTOR?
    THEY DON'T EVEN KNOW HOW A CAR BOOT SALE WORKS.

    Could someone kindly explain the logic in those last two sentences?

    --
    Spike

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From JNugent@21:1/5 to Spike on Thu Sep 7 20:33:25 2023
    On 07/09/2023 07:47 pm, Spike wrote:

    swldx...@gmail.com <swldxer1958@gmail.com> wrote:

    QUOTE: /Before Brexit the UK received about £2bn in research funding,
    about £500m more than it put in. / ENDS
    DON'T THE RACIST GAMMONS INSIST THAT THE UK WAS A NET CONTRIBUTOR?
    THEY DON'T EVEN KNOW HOW A CAR BOOT SALE WORKS.

    Could someone kindly explain the logic in those last two sentences?

    It's May Sun.

    He doesn't have to make sense.

    And he doesn't.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From swldxer1958@gmail.com@21:1/5 to swldx...@gmail.com on Thu Sep 7 13:02:43 2023
    On Thursday, September 7, 2023 at 8:06:40 PM UTC+1, swldx...@gmail.com wrote:
    We used to be members of the EU and we paid £10bn net per year for access to the huge SM, membership of the CU and membership of Horizon, security services, European space programme and all our people had free movement to live work and travel in 27
    other countries. Today, @RishiSunak announces that we will rejoin Horizon for £2bn a year - wow Rishi, you have the cheek to call that a good deal?

    UK REDUCED TO FIGHTING FOR SCRAPS.

    Far right Reform's, Dicky Tice, is almost in tears at the news that the UK is rejoining the EU's Horizon scheme - what a joy to behold. Total meltdown on GBeebies. 😆😆

    https://pbs.twimg.com/media/F5csBH_W8AE4zQC?format=jpg&name=medium

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)